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Hi Cassie,

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There are some different possibilities concerning the origin of the German name Röse / Roese:

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1) A name for a rose lover or rose grower
2) Coming from a place named Rösa (in Sachsen-Anhalt, Eastern Germany)
3) Coming from a place named Rose, Rosa or Rosau (MANY place names in Germany)
4) Living in a house named "Rose" or "zur Rose"
5) Professional name from Middle Low German "rose", "kalkrose" (= lime grate) for a limeburner
6) From a German first name Rozo, a pet form for names beginning with Ruod-/Rod-/Rud- (like Roderich, Rudolf, Ruodbert etc.) meaning "fame"

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Possibilities 1-4 all come from the flower name Rose (same in English).

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The o becoming an ö is like a kind of a diminutive form:

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Röschen ("little rose" in modern High German)
Rösken ("little rose" in modern Low German)
Rösle ("little rose" in modern south German dialects)
Rösli ("little rose" in modern Swiss German)

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For the pronunciation you can listen here:

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http://www.ex.ac.uk/german/abinitio/pronounce/

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Choose "Long & short ö" from the list on the right hand side. Then listen to no. 1 "The long "ö" sound". There's a word "böse" (naughty) which sounds exactly like Röse / Roese except for the b instead of the r in the beginning.
You can listen to the "r" sound as well. Consonants are on the list on the left hand side. Listen to the last example "Reporter".

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Hope that helps!

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Regards, Satu