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On this page I'd like to explain some of the inner-workings of this site. I doubt it will interest anyone, but at the very least it will help keep things straight in my mind!
The name database is the backbone of this website. Below is a description of the main data fields associated with the names.
The name itself is stored in three different ways. First, it is stored in a flat form, with accents, punctuation, and subscripts removed. This is useful for matching user-entered searches. Second, it is stored in an encoded form, with accents, punctuation and subscripts translated. This results in a unique key. Last, it is stored in a display form, with accents, punctuation and subscripts included. This is the form that is displayed in the name's definition.
Examples of how some different names are stored
| Flat Name | Encoded Name | Display Name | Shows As... |
| michael | michael | MICHAEL | MICHAEL |
| jose | jose10 | JOSÉ | JOSÉ |
| abdalkarim | abd01al01karim | ABD-AL-KARIM | ABD-AL-KARIM |
| andrea | andrea-2 | ANDREA <font class="tiny"> (2)</font> | ANDREA (2) |
The gender can either be m, f, mf, fm.
The pronunciation must use symbols found in the pronunciation table. Syllables must be separated by dashes. EAch syllable must have one and only one vowel symbol. One and only one syllable must be written in CAPITALS to indicate that it is stressed. This should be changed in the future - some languages have equal stress on all syllables. This system is also inadequate for reresenting the sounds of tonal languages such as Chinese.
Pronunciation table
| Pron Code | Description | Vowel |
| i | schwa i | Y |
| : | long vowel | |
| ə | schwa | Y |
| A | as in bat, can | Y |
| AH | as in pot, con | Y |
| AW | as in bought, sawn | Y |
| AY | as in bait, cane | Y |
| B | as in bed | |
| CH | as in cheek (tsh) | |
| D | as in dam | |
| DH | as in then | |
| E | as in bet, care | Y |
| EE | as in beet, keen | Y |
| F | as in fake | |
| G | as in give | |
| H | as in hen | |
| I | as in bit, kin | Y |
| IE | as in bite, kind | Y |
| J | as in jump (dzh) | |
| K | as in cat | |
| KH | as in Scottish loch | |
| L | as in lamp | |
| M | as in maze | |
| N | as in not | |
| NG | as in fling, sink | |
| O | as in boat, cone | Y |
| OI | as in boy, coin | Y |
| OO | as in boot, soon | Y |
| OW | as in bout, gown | Y |
| P | as in pain | |
| R | as in right | |
| RH | as in French riche (guttural R) | |
| S | as in side | |
| SH | as in shine | |
| T | as in top | |
| TH | as in thin | |
| U | as in but, sun | Y |
| UI | as in Dutch huis | Y |
| UU | as in French feu | Y |
| UW | as in put, took | Y |
| UY | as in French rue | Y |
| V | as in very | |
| W | as in water | |
| Y | as in yeti | |
| Z | as in zebra | |
| ZH | as in azure, vision | |
| ə | syllabic | Y |
| H | aspiration | |
| N | nasalization | |
| T | epenthetic t |
The usage is a list of cultures and/or categories to which the name belongs. A name can be assigned any number of usages, they are stored with the name as a coded list. All names should have at least one usage, though there are a small number of problem names in the database which have none. Besides providing information, these usages also determine how the name will be categorized in the database. Optionally, the usages can be marked with modifiers. They can be marked (modern), (archaic), (rare), (Anglicized), or (Latinized).
Usage table
| Code | Text |
| afr | African |
| afr-c | Central African |
| afr-e | Eastern African |
| afr-s | Southern African |
| afr-w | Western African |
| alb | Albanian |
| ame | Native American |
| ame-myth | New World Mythology |
| anci | Ancient |
| ara | Arabic |
| arc-anci | Ancient Aramaic |
| arm | Armenian |
| astr | Astronomy |
| aus | Indigenous Australian |
| aze | Azerbaijani |
| bas | Basque |
| bibl | Biblical |
| bibl-o | Biblical (Original) |
| bibl-v | Biblical (Variant) |
| bos | Bosnian |
| bre | Breton |
| bul | Bulgarian |
| cat | Catalan |
| cel-anci | Ancient Celtic |
| cel-myth | Celtic Mythology |
| chi | Chinese |
| chr-myth | Judeo-Christian Legend |
| cor | Cornish |
| cro | Croatian |
| crs | Corsican |
| cze | Czech |
| dan | Danish |
| dut | Dutch |
| egy-anci | Ancient Egyptian |
| egy-myth | Egyptian Mythology |
| eng | English |
| eng-a | English (African American) |
| eng-anci | Anglo-Saxon |
| eng-b | English (British) |
| eng-h | English (Hispanic) |
| eng-medi | Medieval English |
| eng-myth | Anglo-Saxon Mythology |
| eng-o | English (Australia and New Zealand) |
| esp | Esperanto |
| est | Estonian |
| far-myth | Far Eastern Mythology |
| fil | Filipino |
| fin | Finnish |
| fin-myth | Finnish Mythology |
| fre | French |
| fre-medi | Medieval French |
| fri | Frisian |
| gal | Galician |
| geo | Georgian |
| ger | German |
| ger-anci | Ancient Germanic |
| ger-medi | Medieval German |
| ger-myth | Germanic Mythology |
| ger-s | German (Swiss) |
| gre | Greek |
| gre-anci | Ancient Greek |
| gre-bibl | Biblical Greek |
| gre-late | Late Greek |
| gre-myth | Greek Mythology |
| haw | Hawaiian |
| hist | History |
| hist-s | History |
| hun | Hungarian |
| ice | Icelandic |
| igb | Igbo |
| ind | Indian |
| ind-b | Indian (Bengali) |
| ind-myth | Hindu Mythology |
| ind-s | Indian (Sikh) |
| ind-t | Indian (Tamil) |
| ins | Indonesian |
| ira | Iranian |
| iri | Irish |
| iri-anci | Ancient Irish |
| iri-myth | Irish Mythology |
| ita | Italian |
| ita-medi | Medieval Italian |
| jap | Japanese |
| jew | Hebrew |
| jew-bibl | Biblical Hebrew |
| jew-y | Yiddish |
| kaz | Kazakh |
| khm | Khmer |
| kor | Korean |
| kur | Kurdish |
| kyr | Kyrgyz |
| lat | Latvian |
| lim | Limburgish |
| lite | Literature |
| lth | Lithuanian |
| mac | Macedonian |
| man | Manx |
| mao | Maori |
| medi | Medieval |
| morm | Mormon |
| myth | Mythology |
| nea-anci | Ancient Near Eastern |
| nea-myth | Near Eastern Mythology |
| nor | Norwegian |
| pac | Pacific/Polynesian |
| pac-myth | Pacific/Polynesian Mythology |
| pak | Pakistani |
| pets | Pet |
| pol | Polish |
| popu | Popular Culture |
| por | Portuguese |
| por-b | Portuguese (Brazilian) |
| pro | Provençal |
| rmn | Romanian |
| rom-anci | Ancient Roman |
| rom-bibl | Biblical Latin |
| rom-late | Late Roman |
| rom-myth | Roman Mythology |
| rus | Russian |
| sca | Scandinavian |
| sca-anci | Ancient Scandinavian |
| sca-medi | Medieval Scandinavian |
| sca-myth | Norse Mythology |
| sco | Scottish |
| ser | Serbian |
| sla-bibl | Old Church Slavic |
| sla-medi | Old Slavic |
| sla-myth | Slavic Mythology |
| slk | Slovak |
| sln | Slovene |
| spa | Spanish |
| spa-medi | Medieval Spanish |
| spa-s | Spanish (Latin American) |
| swe | Swedish |
| tha | Thai |
| theo | Theology |
| tib | Tibetan |
| tur | Turkish |
| ukr | Ukrainian |
| unkn | ? |
| vari | Various |
| vie | Vietnamese |
| wel | Welsh |
| wel-myth | Welsh Mythology |
| yor | Yoruba |
The transcription is a spelling of the name in non-Latin scripts. To implement transcriptions I use a rather complicated system of codes. The codes are sequences of letters which can be typed on a regular keyboard. This saves me from having to type the unicode characters and probably prevents some errors. There are plently of exceptions in the system, which made for some interesting programming.
Transliteration tables
Arabic
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| " | AR | ع | ع | ' | Ԫ ayn (wave) |
| % | AR | ّ | ّ | * | shadda (high squiggle) |
| ' | AR | ء | ء | hamza | |
| a | AR | ا | ا | a | Ԇ alif (line) |
| a! | AR | a | unwritten vowel | ||
| a-a | AR | آ | آ | aa | Ԇ alif madda (L floating bar) |
| a-h | AR | ة | ة | ah | Ԇ ta marbuta (a high double dot) |
| a-y | AR | ى | ى | a | Ԫ alif maqsura (lazy s) |
| a^ | AR | َ | َ | a | fatha (acute accent) |
| b | AR | ب | ب | b | Ԇ ba (backwards L low dot) |
| d | AR | د | د | d | Ԇ dal (square curl) |
| d^ | AR | ذ | ذ | dh | Ԇ dhal (square curl high dot) |
| d^^ | AR | ض | ض | d | Ԇ dad (sideways S high dot) |
| f | AR | ف | ف | f | Ԫ fa (sideways q high dot) |
| g^ | AR | غ | غ | gh | Ԫ gayn (wave high dot) |
| h | AR | ح | ح | h | Ԇ ha (>) |
| h^ | AR | خ | خ | kh | Ԇ ha (> high dot) |
| h^^ | AR | ه | ه | h | Ԫ ha (leaf) |
| i | AR | إ | إ | i | alif with hamza below |
| i! | AR | i | unwritten vowel | ||
| i^ | AR | ِ | ِ | i | kasra (acute accent below) |
| j | AR | ج | ج | j | Ԇ gim (> low dot) |
| k | AR | ك | ك | k | Ԫ kaf (backwards Z) |
| l | AR | ل | ل | l | Ԫ lam (line small bar bottom) |
| m | AR | م | م | m | Ԫ mim (sideways q) |
| n | AR | ن | ن | n | Ԫ nun (backwards L high dot) |
| o | AR | أ | أ | a | alif with hamza above |
| q | AR | ق | ق | q | Ԫ qaf (sideways q high double dot) |
| r | AR | ر | ر | r | Ԇ ra (curl) |
| s | AR | س | س | s | Ԇ sin (w) |
| s^ | AR | ش | ش | sh | Ԇ shin (w triple high dot) |
| s^^ | AR | ص | ص | s | Ԇ sad (sideways S) |
| t | AR | ت | ت | t | Ԇ ta (backwards L high double dot) |
| t^ | AR | ث | ث | th | Ԇ tha (backwards L high triple dot) |
| t^^ | AR | ط | ط | t | Ԫ ta (b) |
| u | AR | أ | أ | u | alif with hamza above |
| u! | AR | u | unwritten vowel | ||
| u^ | AR | ُ | ُ | u | damma (acute accent twist) |
| w | AR | و | و | w | Ԫ waw (9) |
| w^ | AR | ؤ | ؤ | u * | waw hamza above |
| y | AR | ي | ي | y | Ԫ ya (backwards L low double dot) |
| y^ | AR | ئ | ئ | i * | ya hamza above |
| z | AR | ز | ز | z | Ԇ zayn (curl high dot) |
| z^ | AR | ظ | ظ | z | Ԫ za (b high dot) |
| _ | AR | - | dash |
Bulgarian
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| " | CY | ъ | ъ | a | hard sign - yer (b with line on upper left of stalk) |
| "" | CY | Ъ | Ъ | A | Hard sign - yer - capital (b with line on upper left of stal |
| ' | CY | ь | ь | y | soft sign (b) |
| '' | CY | Ь | Ь | Y | Soft sign - capital (b) |
| a | CY | а | а | a | a (a) |
| a^ | CY | я | я | ya | ya (backwards R) |
| b | CY | б | б | b | be (6) |
| d | CY | д | д | d | de (trapezoid with two pigtails on bottom) |
| e | CY | е | е | e | e (e) |
| f | CY | ф | ф | f | ef (phi) |
| g | CY | г | г | g | ge (gamma) |
| i | CY | и | и | i | i (backwards N) |
| k | CY | к | к | k | ka (K) |
| l | CY | л | л | l | el (trapezoid open bottom curved left leg) |
| m | CY | м | м | m | em (M) |
| n | CY | н | н | n | en (H) |
| o | CY | о | о | o | o (O) |
| p | CY | п | п | p | pe (trapezoid open bottom straight legs) |
| r | CY | р | р | r | re (p) |
| s | CY | с | с | s | es (c) |
| s^ | CY | ш | ш | sh | sha (square W) |
| s^^ | CY | щ | щ | sht | shta (square W pigtail on lower right) |
| t | CY | т | т | t | te (T) |
| t-s | CY | ц | ц | ts | tse (square U with pigtail on lower right) |
| t-s^ | CY | ч | ч | ch | che (upsidedown h) |
| u | CY | у | у | u | u (y) |
| u^ | CY | ю | ю | yu | yu (IO connected with a line) |
| v | CY | в | в | v | ve (B) |
| x | CY | х | х | h | kha (x) |
| y | CY | й | й | y | short i (backwards N accent) |
| z | CY | з | з | z | ze (3) |
| z^ | CY | ж | ж | zh | zhe (star) |
Kazakh
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| " | CY | ъ | ъ | hard sign - yer (b with line on upper left of stalk) | |
| "" | CY | Ъ | Ъ | Hard sign - yer - capital (b with line on upper left of stal | |
| ' | CY | ь | ь | soft sign (b) | |
| '' | CY | Ь | Ь | Soft sign - capital (b) | |
| a | CY | а | а | a | a (a) |
| a^ | CY | я | я | ya | ya (backwards R) |
| b | CY | б | б | b | be (6) |
| d | CY | д | д | d | de (trapezoid with two pigtails on bottom) |
| e | CY | е | е | e | e (e) |
| e^ | CY | э | э | e | e (rounded backwards E) |
| e^^^ | CY | ә | ә | a | (upsidedown backwards e) |
| f | CY | ф | ф | f | ef (phi) |
| g | CY | г | г | g | ge (gamma) |
| g^^^ | CY | ғ | ғ | gh | (gamma bar) |
| h | CY | һ | һ | h | (h) |
| i | CY | и | и | i | i (backwards N) |
| i^ | CY | і | і | i | i (i) |
| j | CY | ы | ы | a | yery (bl) |
| k | CY | к | к | k | ka (K) |
| k^^ | CY | қ | қ | q | (K pigtail) |
| l | CY | л | л | l | el (trapezoid open bottom curved left leg) |
| m | CY | м | м | m | em (M) |
| n | CY | н | н | n | en (H) |
| n^^ | CY | ң | ң | ng | (H pigtail) |
| o | CY | о | о | o | o (O) |
| o^ | CY | ё | ё | yo | yo (e umlaut) |
| o^^ | CY | ө | ө | o | (theta) |
| p | CY | п | п | p | pe (trapezoid open bottom straight legs) |
| r | CY | р | р | r | re (p) |
| s | CY | с | с | s | es (c) |
| s^ | CY | ш | ш | sh | sha (square W) |
| s^^ | CY | щ | щ | shy | shcha (square W pigtail on lower right) |
| t | CY | т | т | t | te (T) |
| t-s | CY | ц | ц | ts | tse (square U with pigtail on lower right) |
| t-s^ | CY | ч | ч | ch | che (upsidedown h) |
| u | CY | у | у | u | u (y) |
| u^ | CY | ю | ю | yu | yu (IO connected with a line) |
| u^^ | CY | ұ | ұ | u | (Y bar) |
| u^^^ | CY | ү | ү | u | (Y) |
| v | CY | в | в | v | ve (B) |
| x | CY | х | х | kh | kha (x) |
| y | CY | й | й | y | short i (backwards N accent) |
| z | CY | з | з | z | ze (3) |
| z^ | CY | ж | ж | zh | zhe (star) |
Macedonian
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| a | CY | а | а | a | a (a) |
| b | CY | б | б | b | be (6) |
| d | CY | д | д | d | de (trapezoid with two pigtails on bottom) |
| d-z | CY | ѕ | ѕ | dz | dze (S) |
| d-z^ | CY | џ | џ | dzh | dzhe (square U with pigtail in middle) |
| e | CY | е | е | e | e (e) |
| f | CY | ф | ф | f | ef (phi) |
| g | CY | г | г | g | ge (gamma) |
| g^^ | CY | ѓ | ѓ | gj | gje (gamma acute) |
| i | CY | и | и | i | i (backwards N) |
| j^ | CY | ј | ј | j | je (j) |
| k | CY | к | к | k | ka (K) |
| k^ | CY | ќ | ќ | kj | kja (K acute) |
| l | CY | л | л | l | el (trapezoid open bottom curved left leg) |
| l^ | CY | љ | љ | lj | lje (trapezoid open bottom curved left leg, looped right leg |
| m | CY | м | м | m | em (M) |
| n | CY | н | н | n | en (H) |
| n^ | CY | њ | њ | nj | nje (H looped right leg) |
| o | CY | о | о | o | o (O) |
| p | CY | п | п | p | pe (trapezoid open bottom straight legs) |
| r | CY | р | р | r | re (p) |
| s | CY | с | с | s | es (c) |
| s^ | CY | ш | ш | sh | sha (square W) |
| t | CY | т | т | t | te (T) |
| t-s | CY | ц | ц | ts | tse (square U with pigtail on lower right) |
| t-s^ | CY | ч | ч | ch | che (upsidedown h) |
| u | CY | у | у | u | u (y) |
| v | CY | в | в | v | ve (B) |
| x | CY | х | х | kh | kha (x) |
| z | CY | з | з | z | ze (3) |
| z^ | CY | ж | ж | zh | zhe (star) |
Russian
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| " | CY | ъ | ъ | y * | hard sign - yer (b with line on upper left of stalk) |
| "" | CY | Ъ | Ъ | Y * | Hard sign - yer - capital (b with line on upper left of stal |
| ' | CY | ь | ь | y * | soft sign (b) |
| '' | CY | Ь | Ь | Y * | Soft sign - capital (b) |
| a | CY | а | а | a | a (a) |
| a^ | CY | я | я | ya | ya (backwards R) |
| b | CY | б | б | b | be (6) |
| d | CY | д | д | d | de (trapezoid with two pigtails on bottom) |
| e | CY | е | е | e * | ye (e) |
| e^ | CY | э | э | e | e (rounded backwards E) |
| f | CY | ф | ф | f | ef (phi) |
| g | CY | г | г | g | ge (gamma) |
| i | CY | и | и | i | i (backwards N) |
| j | CY | ы | ы | y | yery (bl) |
| k | CY | к | к | k | ka (K) |
| l | CY | л | л | l | el (trapezoid open bottom curved left leg) |
| m | CY | м | м | m | em (M) |
| n | CY | н | н | n | en (H) |
| o | CY | о | о | o | o (O) |
| o^ | CY | ё | ё | yo | yo (e umlaut) |
| p | CY | п | п | p | pe (trapezoid open bottom straight legs) |
| r | CY | р | р | r | re (p) |
| s | CY | с | с | s | es (c) |
| s^ | CY | ш | ш | sh | sha (square W) |
| s^^ | CY | щ | щ | shch | shcha (square W pigtail on lower right) |
| t | CY | т | т | t | te (T) |
| t-s | CY | ц | ц | ts | tse (square U with pigtail on lower right) |
| t-s^ | CY | ч | ч | ch | che (upsidedown h) |
| u | CY | у | у | u | u (y) |
| u^ | CY | ю | ю | yu | yu (IO connected with a line) |
| v | CY | в | в | v | ve (B) |
| x | CY | х | х | kh | kha (x) |
| y | CY | й | й | y | short i (backwards N accent) |
| z | CY | з | з | z | ze (3) |
| z^ | CY | ж | ж | zh | zhe (star) |
Serbian
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| a | CY | а | а | a | a (a) |
| b | CY | б | б | b | be (6) |
| d | CY | д | д | d | de (trapezoid with two pigtails on bottom) |
| d-z^ | CY | џ | џ | dzh | dzhe (square U with pigtail in middle) |
| d^ | CY | ђ | ђ | dj | dje (h curved right leg, bar on top) |
| e | CY | е | е | e | e (e) |
| f | CY | ф | ф | f | ef (phi) |
| g | CY | г | г | g | ge (gamma) |
| i | CY | и | и | i | i (backwards N) |
| j^ | CY | ј | ј | j | je (j) |
| k | CY | к | к | k | ka (K) |
| l | CY | л | л | l | el (trapezoid open bottom curved left leg) |
| l^ | CY | љ | љ | lj | lje (trapezoid open bottom curved left leg, looped right leg |
| m | CY | м | м | m | em (M) |
| n | CY | н | н | n | en (H) |
| n^ | CY | њ | њ | nj | nje (H looped right leg) |
| o | CY | о | о | o | o (O) |
| p | CY | п | п | p | pe (trapezoid open bottom straight legs) |
| r | CY | р | р | r | re (p) |
| s | CY | с | с | s | es (c) |
| s^ | CY | ш | ш | sh | sha (square W) |
| t | CY | т | т | t | te (T) |
| t-s | CY | ц | ц | c | tse (square U with pigtail on lower right) |
| t-s^ | CY | ч | ч | ch | che (upsidedown h) |
| t^ | CY | ћ | ћ | tj | tje (h bar on top) |
| u | CY | у | у | u | u (y) |
| v | CY | в | в | v | ve (B) |
| x | CY | х | х | h | kha (x) |
| z | CY | з | з | z | ze (3) |
| z^ | CY | ж | ж | zh | zhe (star) |
Church Slavic
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| " | CY | ъ | ъ | u | hard sign - yer (b with line on upper left of stalk) |
| ' | CY | ь | ь | i | soft sign (b) |
| a | CY | а | а | a | a (a) |
| a^ | CY | я | я | ya | ya (backwards R) |
| a^^ | CY | ѣ | ѣ | e | yat (b with bar through stalk) |
| a^^^ | CY | ѧ | ѧ | e | little yus (A with lower central vertical bar) |
| b | CY | б | б | b | be (6) |
| d | CY | д | д | d | de (trapezoid with two pigtails on bottom) |
| d-z | CY | ѕ | ѕ | dz | dze (S) |
| e | CY | е | е | e | ye (e) |
| f | CY | ф | ф | f | ef (phi) |
| g | CY | г | г | g | ge (gamma) |
| i | CY | и | и | i | i (backwards N) |
| i^ | CY | і | і | i | i (i) |
| i^^ | CY | ї | ї | i | yi (i umlaut) |
| j | CY | ы | ы | y | yery (bl) |
| k | CY | к | к | k | ka (K) |
| k-s | CY | ѯ | ѯ | ks | ksi (backwards 3 with a caron) |
| l | CY | л | л | l | el (trapezoid open bottom curved left leg) |
| m | CY | м | м | m | em (M) |
| n | CY | н | н | n | en (H) |
| o | CY | о | о | o | o (O) |
| o^^^ | CY | ѡ | ѡ | o | otu (omega) |
| o^^^^ | CY | ѫ | ѫ | o | big yus (m with upper inverted triangle) |
| p | CY | п | п | p | pe (trapezoid open bottom straight legs) |
| r | CY | р | р | r | re (p) |
| s | CY | с | с | s | es (c) |
| s^ | CY | ш | ш | sh | sha (square W) |
| s^^ | CY | щ | щ | shch | shcha (square W pigtail on lower right) |
| t | CY | т | т | t | te (T) |
| t-s | CY | ц | ц | ts | tse (square U with pigtail on lower right) |
| t-s^ | CY | ч | ч | ch | che (upsidedown h) |
| t^ | CY | ћ | ћ | dj | tje (h bar on top) |
| t^^ | CY | ѳ | ѳ | th | fita (theta) |
| u^ | CY | ю | ю | yu | yu (IO connected with a line) |
| v | CY | в | в | v | ve (B) |
| x | CY | х | х | x | kha (x) |
| y^ | CY | ѵ | ѵ | v | izhitsa (v) |
| y^^ | CY | ѷ | ѷ | y | izhitsa (v double grave) |
| y^^^ | CY | ѹ | ѹ | u | uk (8 with top missing) |
| z | CY | з | з | z | ze (3) |
| z^ | CY | ж | ж | zh | zhe (star) |
Ukrainian
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| ' | CY | ь | ь | soft sign (b) | |
| '' | CY | Ь | Ь | Soft sign - capital (b) | |
| '^ | CY | ' | ' | hard sign (apostrophe) | |
| a | CY | а | а | a | a (a) |
| a^ | CY | я | я | ya | ya (backwards R) |
| b | CY | б | б | b | be (6) |
| d | CY | д | д | d | de (trapezoid with two pigtails on bottom) |
| e | CY | е | е | e | e (e) |
| e^^ | CY | є | є | ye | ye (rounded e) |
| f | CY | ф | ф | f | ef (phi) |
| g | CY | г | г | h | he (gamma) |
| g^ | CY | ґ | ґ | g | ge (gamma hook) |
| i | CY | и | и | y | y (backwards N) |
| i^ | CY | і | і | i | i (i) |
| i^^ | CY | ї | ї | yi | yi (i umlaut) |
| k | CY | к | к | k | ka (K) |
| l | CY | л | л | l | el (trapezoid open bottom curved left leg) |
| m | CY | м | м | m | em (M) |
| n | CY | н | н | n | en (H) |
| o | CY | о | о | o | o (O) |
| p | CY | п | п | p | pe (trapezoid open bottom straight legs) |
| r | CY | р | р | r | re (p) |
| s | CY | с | с | s | es (c) |
| s^ | CY | ш | ш | sh | sha (square W) |
| s^^ | CY | щ | щ | shch | shta (square W pigtail on lower right) |
| t | CY | т | т | t | te (T) |
| t-s | CY | ц | ц | ts | tse (square U with pigtail on lower right) |
| t-s^ | CY | ч | ч | ch | che (upsidedown h) |
| u | CY | у | у | u | u (y) |
| u^ | CY | ю | ю | yu | yu (IO connected with a line) |
| v | CY | в | в | v | ve (B) |
| x | CY | х | х | kh | kha (x) |
| y | CY | й | й | y | short y (backwards N accent) |
| z | CY | з | з | z | ze (3) |
| z^ | CY | ж | ж | zh | zhe (star) |
Hindi
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| % | DE | ः | ः | s | visarga |
| : | DE | ् | ् | virama | |
| a | DE | * | a * | (a) | |
| a^ | DE | ा | ा * | a | (a bar/A) |
| b | DE | ब | ब | b | (b) |
| b^ | DE | भ | भ | bh | (bh) |
| c | DE | च | च | ch | (c acute/c) |
| c^ | DE | छ | छ | ch | (c acute h/ch) |
| d | DE | द | द | d | (d) |
| d^ | DE | ध | ध | dh | (dh) |
| d^^ | DE | ड | ड | d | (d dot/D) |
| d^^^ | DE | ढ | ढ | dh | (dh dot/Dh) |
| e | DE | े | े * | e | (e) |
| e^ | DE | ै | ै * | ai | (ai) |
| g | DE | ग | ग | g | (g) |
| g^ | DE | घ | घ | gh | (gh) |
| h | DE | ह | ह | h | (h) |
| i | DE | ि | ि * | i | (i) |
| i^ | DE | ी | ी * | i | (i bar/I) |
| j | DE | ज | ज | j | (j) |
| j^ | DE | झ | झ | jh | (jh) |
| k | DE | क | क | k | (k) |
| k^ | DE | ख | ख | kh | (kh) |
| l | DE | ल | ल | l | (l) |
| l^ | DE | ॢ | ॢ * | li | (l dot) |
| l^^ | DE | ॣ | ॣ * | li | (l dot bar) |
| m | DE | म | म | m | (m) |
| m^ | DE | ं | ं | m * | (m dot) |
| n | DE | न | न | n | (n) |
| n^ | DE | ण | ण | n | (n dot/N) |
| n^^ | DE | ङ | ङ | n | (n upper dot/G) |
| n^^^ | DE | ञ | ञ | n | (n tilde/J) |
| o | DE | ो | ो * | o | (o) |
| o^ | DE | ौ | ौ * | au | (au) |
| p | DE | प | प | p | (p) |
| p^ | DE | फ | फ | ph | (ph) |
| r | DE | र | र | r | (r) |
| r^ | DE | ृ | ृ * | ri | (r dot) |
| r^^ | DE | ॄ | ॄ * | ri | (r dot bar) |
| s | DE | स | स | s | (s) |
| s^ | DE | श | श | sh | (s acute/z) |
| s^^ | DE | ष | ष | sh | (s dot/S) |
| t | DE | त | त | t | (t) |
| t^ | DE | थ | थ | th | (th) |
| t^^ | DE | ट | ट | t | (t dot/T) |
| t^^^ | DE | ठ | ठ | th | (th dot/Th) |
| u | DE | ु | ु * | u | (u) |
| u^ | DE | ू | ू * | u | (u bar/U) |
| v | DE | व | व | v | (v) |
| y | DE | य | य | y | (y) |
Sanskrit
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| % | DE | ः | ः | s | visarga |
| : | DE | ् | ् | virama | |
| a | DE | * | a | (a) | |
| a^ | DE | ा | ा * | a | (a bar/A) |
| b | DE | ब | ब | b | (b) |
| b^ | DE | भ | भ | bh | (bh) |
| c | DE | च | च | ch | (c acute/c) |
| c^ | DE | छ | छ | ch | (c acute h/ch) |
| d | DE | द | द | d | (d) |
| d^ | DE | ध | ध | dh | (dh) |
| d^^ | DE | ड | ड | d | (d dot/D) |
| d^^^ | DE | ढ | ढ | dh | (dh dot/Dh) |
| e | DE | े | े * | e | (e) |
| e^ | DE | ै | ै * | ai | (ai) |
| g | DE | ग | ग | g | (g) |
| g^ | DE | घ | घ | gh | (gh) |
| h | DE | ह | ह | h | (h) |
| i | DE | ि | ि * | i | (i) |
| i^ | DE | ी | ी * | i | (i bar/I) |
| j | DE | ज | ज | j | (j) |
| j^ | DE | झ | झ | jh | (jh) |
| k | DE | क | क | k | (k) |
| k^ | DE | ख | ख | kh | (kh) |
| l | DE | ल | ल | l | (l) |
| l^ | DE | ॢ | ॢ * | li | (l dot) |
| l^^ | DE | ॣ | ॣ * | li | (l dot bar) |
| m | DE | म | म | m | (m) |
| m^ | DE | ं | ं | m * | (m dot) |
| n | DE | न | न | n | (n) |
| n^ | DE | ण | ण | n | (n dot/N) |
| n^^ | DE | ङ | ङ | n | (n upper dot/G) |
| n^^^ | DE | ञ | ञ | n | (n tilde/J) |
| o | DE | ो | ो * | o | (o) |
| o^ | DE | ौ | ौ * | au | (au) |
| p | DE | प | प | p | (p) |
| p^ | DE | फ | फ | ph | (ph) |
| r | DE | र | र | r | (r) |
| r^ | DE | ृ | ृ * | ri | (r dot) |
| r^^ | DE | ॄ | ॄ * | ri | (r dot bar) |
| s | DE | स | स | s | (s) |
| s^ | DE | श | श | sh | (s acute/z) |
| s^^ | DE | ष | ष | sh | (s dot/S) |
| t | DE | त | त | t | (t) |
| t^ | DE | थ | थ | th | (th) |
| t^^ | DE | ट | ट | t | (t dot/T) |
| t^^^ | DE | ठ | ठ | th | (th dot/Th) |
| u | DE | ु | ु * | u | (u) |
| u^ | DE | ू | ू * | u | (u bar/U) |
| v | DE | व | व | v | (v) |
| y | DE | य | य | y | (y) |
Ancient Greek
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| ' | GR | ‘ | ‘ | h * | rough breathing |
| a | GR | α | α | a | alpha |
| b | GR | β | β | b | beta |
| d | GR | δ | δ | d | delta |
| e | GR | ε | ε | e | epsilon |
| g | GR | γ | γ | g | gamma |
| h | GR | η | η | e | eta |
| i | GR | ι | ι | i | iota |
| k | GR | κ | κ | k | kappa |
| k^ | GR | χ | χ | ch | chi |
| l | GR | λ | λ | l | lambda |
| m | GR | μ | μ | m | mu |
| n | GR | ν | ν | n | nu |
| o | GR | ο | ο | o | omicron |
| p | GR | π | π | p | pi |
| p-s | GR | ψ | ψ | ps | psi |
| p^ | GR | φ | φ | ph | phi |
| r | GR | ρ | ρ | r | rho |
| s | GR | σ | σ * | s | sigma |
| t | GR | τ | τ | t | tau |
| t^ | GR | θ | θ | th | theta |
| u | GR | υ | υ | u * | upsilon |
| w | GR | ω | ω | o | omega |
| x | GR | ξ | ξ | x | xi |
| z | GR | ζ | ζ | z | zeta |
Greek
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| a | GR | α | α | a | alpha |
| b | GR | β | β | v | beta |
| d | GR | δ | δ | d | delta |
| e | GR | ε | ε | e | epsilon |
| g | GR | γ | γ | g | gamma |
| h | GR | η | η | i | eta |
| i | GR | ι | ι | i | iota |
| k | GR | κ | κ | k | kappa |
| k^ | GR | χ | χ | ch | chi |
| l | GR | λ | λ | l | lambda |
| m | GR | μ | μ | m | mu |
| n | GR | ν | ν | n | nu |
| o | GR | ο | ο | o | omicron |
| p | GR | π | π | p | pi |
| p-s | GR | ψ | ψ | ps | psi |
| p^ | GR | φ | φ | f | phi |
| r | GR | ρ | ρ | r | rho |
| s | GR | σ | σ * | s | sigma |
| t | GR | τ | τ | t | tau |
| t^ | GR | θ | θ | th | theta |
| u | GR | υ | υ | y * | upsilon |
| w | GR | ω | ω | o | omega |
| x | GR | ξ | ξ | x | xi |
| z | GR | ζ | ζ | z | zeta |
Ancient Hebrew
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| " | HB | ע | ע | ' | ע ayin (y) |
| % | HB | ּ | ּ | * | nikud (dagesh: mid-level dot) |
| ' | HB | א | א | ' | alef (N) |
| : | HB | ְ | ְ | : | nikud (sheva: lower vertical double dot) |
| a | HB | ָ | ָ | a | nikud (qamats: lower line with central stab) |
| a! | HB | a | unknown nikud | ||
| a^ | HB | ַ | ַ | a | nikud (patah: lower line) |
| a^^ | HB | ֲ | ֲ | a | nikud (hatef patah: lower line double dot) |
| b | HB | ב | ב | v | bet (backwards c line bottom right) |
| b. | HB | בּ | בּ | b | bet with dagesh (backwards c dot line bottom right) |
| d | HB | ד | ד | d | dalet (7) |
| d. | HB | דּ | דּ | d | dalet with dagesh (7 dot) |
| e | HB | ֵ | ֵ | e | nikud (tsere: lower double dot) |
| e! | HB | e | unknown nikud | ||
| e^ | HB | ֶ | ֶ | e | nikud (segol: lower triple dot) |
| e^^ | HB | ֱ | ֱ | e | nikud (hatef segol: lower quintuple dot) |
| g | HB | ג | ג | g | gimel (upsidedown y) |
| g. | HB | גּ | גּ | g | gimel with dagesh (upsidedown y dot) |
| h | HB | ה | ה | h | heh (n gap) |
| h-a | HB | חַ | חַ | ach | furitve patah = het+patah = h^a^ but should be transcribed a |
| h^ | HB | ח | ח | ch | het (n) |
| i | HB | ִ | ִ | i | nikud (hiriq: lower middle dot) |
| i! | HB | i | unknown nikud | ||
| k | HB | כ | כ * | kh | kaf (backwards c) |
| k. | HB | כּ | כּ * | k | kaf with dagesh (backwards c dot) |
| l | HB | ל | ל | l | lamed (5 no top) |
| m | HB | מ | מ * | m | mem (n closed bottom) |
| n | HB | נ | נ * | n | nun (right half house) |
| o | HB | ֹ | ֹ | o | nikud (holam: high left dot) |
| o! | HB | o | unknown nikud | ||
| o^ | HB | ֳ | ֳ | o | nikud (hatef qamats: lower line with central stab double dot |
| o^^ | HB | ָ | ָ | o | nikud (qamats qatan: lower line central stab = qamats) |
| p | HB | פ | פ * | f | ק pe (backwards c curl) |
| p. | HB | פּ | פּ * | p | ק pe with dagesh (backwards c curl dot) |
| q | HB | ק | ק | q | qof (p) |
| r | HB | ר | ר | r | resh (7 rounded) |
| s | HB | ס | ס | s | װ samekh (D) |
| s! | HB | ש | ש | sh | ש shin (y extra prong) |
| s^ | HB | שׁ | שׁ | sh | ש shin (y extra prong) |
| s^^ | HB | שׂ | שׂ | s | ש shin (y extra prong) |
| t | HB | ת | ת | t | ׁ tav (n bar bottom left) |
| t. | HB | תּ | תּ | t | ׁ tav with dagesh (n dot bar bottom left) |
| t^ | HB | ט | ט | t | tet (v) |
| u | HB | ּ | ּ | u | nikud (dagesh on vav: vav shuruq) |
| u! | HB | u | unknown nikud | ||
| u^ | HB | ֻ | ֻ | u | nikud (qubuts: lower triple dot diagonal) |
| w | HB | ו | ו | w | vav (line) |
| y | HB | י | י | y | yod (apostrophe) |
| z | HB | ז | ז | z | zayin (crooked T) |
| z^ | HB | צ | צ * | tz | tsadi (Y bar bottom) |
| _ | HB | ־ | ־ | - | maqaf (dash) |
Hebrew
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| " | HB | ע | ע | ע ayin (y) | |
| % | HB | ּ | ּ | * | nikud (dagesh: mid-level dot) |
| ' | HB | א | א | alef (N) | |
| : | HB | ְ | ְ | : | nikud (sheva: lower vertical double dot) |
| a | HB | ָ | ָ | a | nikud (qamats: lower line with central stab) |
| a! | HB | a | unknown nikud | ||
| a^ | HB | ַ | ַ | a | nikud (patah: lower line) |
| a^^ | HB | ֲ | ֲ | a | nikud (hatef patah: lower line double dot) |
| b | HB | ב | ב | v | bet (backwards c line bottom right) |
| b. | HB | בּ | בּ | b | bet with dagesh (backwards c dot line bottom right) |
| d | HB | ד | ד | d | dalet (7) |
| d. | HB | דּ | דּ | d | dalet with dagesh (7 dot) |
| e | HB | ֵ | ֵ | e | nikud (tsere: lower double dot) |
| e! | HB | e | unknown nikud | ||
| e^ | HB | ֶ | ֶ | e | nikud (segol: lower triple dot) |
| e^^ | HB | ֱ | ֱ | e | nikud (hatef segol: lower quintuple dot) |
| g | HB | ג | ג | g | gimel (upsidedown y) |
| g. | HB | גּ | גּ | g | gimel with dagesh (upsidedown y dot) |
| h | HB | ה | ה | h | heh (n gap) |
| h-a | HB | חַ | חַ | ach | furitve patah = het+patah = h^a^ but should be transcribed a |
| h^ | HB | ח | ח | ch | het (n) |
| i | HB | ִ | ִ | i | nikud (hiriq: lower middle dot) |
| i! | HB | i | unknown nikud | ||
| k | HB | כ | כ * | kh | kaf (backwards c) |
| k. | HB | כּ | כּ * | k | kaf with dagesh (backwards c dot) |
| l | HB | ל | ל | l | lamed (5 no top) |
| m | HB | מ | מ * | m | mem (n closed bottom) |
| n | HB | נ | נ * | n | nun (right half house) |
| o | HB | ֹ | ֹ | o | nikud (holam: high left dot) |
| o! | HB | o | unknown nikud | ||
| o^ | HB | ֳ | ֳ | o | nikud (hatef qamats: lower line with central stab double dot |
| o^^ | HB | ָ | ָ | o | nikud (qamats qatan: lower line central stab = qamats) |
| p | HB | פ | פ * | f | ק pe (backwards c curl) |
| p. | HB | פּ | פּ * | p | ק pe with dagesh (backwards c curl dot) |
| q | HB | ק | ק | k | qof (p) |
| r | HB | ר | ר | r | resh (7 rounded) |
| s | HB | ס | ס | s | װ samekh (D) |
| s! | HB | ש | ש | sh | ש shin (y extra prong) |
| s^ | HB | שׁ | שׁ | sh | ש shin (y extra prong) |
| s^^ | HB | שׂ | שׂ | s | ש shin (y extra prong) |
| t | HB | ת | ת | t | ׁ tav (n bar bottom left) |
| t. | HB | תּ | תּ | t | ׁ tav with dagesh (n dot bar bottom left) |
| t^ | HB | ט | ט | t | tet (v) |
| u | HB | ּ | ּ | u | nikud (dagesh on vav: vav shuruq) |
| u! | HB | u | unknown nikud | ||
| u^ | HB | ֻ | ֻ | u | nikud (qubuts: lower triple dot diagonal) |
| w | HB | ו | ו | w | vav (line) |
| y | HB | י | י | y | yod (apostrophe) |
| z | HB | ז | ז | z | zayin (crooked T) |
| z^ | HB | צ | צ * | tz | tsadi (Y bar bottom) |
| _ | HB | ־ | ־ | - | maqaf (dash) |
Yiddish
| Char Code | Script | Unicode | Display | Transliteration | Description |
| " | HB | ע | ע | ע ayin (y) | |
| % | HB | ּ | ּ | * | nikud (dagesh: mid-level dot) |
| ' | HB | א | א | alef (N) | |
| : | HB | ְ | ְ | : | nikud (sheva: lower vertical double dot) |
| a | HB | ָ | ָ | a | nikud (qamats: lower line with central stab) |
| a! | HB | a | unknown nikud | ||
| a^ | HB | ַ | ַ | a | nikud (patah: lower line) |
| a^^ | HB | ֲ | ֲ | a | nikud (hatef patah: lower line double dot) |
| b | HB | ב | ב | b | bet (backwards c line bottom right) |
| b^ | HB | בֿ | בֿ | v | bet with line above (backwards c dot line bottom right) |
| d | HB | ד | ד | d | dalet (7) |
| e | HB | ֵ | ֵ | e | nikud (tsere: lower double dot) |
| e! | HB | e | unknown nikud | ||
| e^ | HB | ֶ | ֶ | e | nikud (segol: lower triple dot) |
| e^^ | HB | ֱ | ֱ | e | nikud (hatef segol: lower quintuple dot) |
| g | HB | ג | ג | g | gimel (upsidedown y) |
| h | HB | ה | ה | h | heh (n gap) |
| h-a | HB | חַ | חַ | ach | furitve patah = het+patah = h^a^ but should be transcribed a |
| h^ | HB | ח | ח | ch | het (n) |
| i | HB | ִ | ִ | i | nikud (hiriq: lower middle dot) |
| i! | HB | i | unknown nikud | ||
| k | HB | כ | כ * | kh | kaf (backwards c) |
| k. | HB | כּ | כּ * | k | kaf with dagesh (backwards c dot) |
| l | HB | ל | ל | l | lamed (5 no top) |
| m | HB | מ | מ * | m | mem (n closed bottom) |
| n | HB | נ | נ * | n | nun (right half house) |
| o | HB | ֹ | ֹ | o | nikud (holam: high left dot) |
| o! | HB | o | unknown nikud | ||
| o^ | HB | ֳ | ֳ | o | nikud (hatef qamats: lower line with central stab double dot |
| o^^ | HB | ָ | ָ | o | nikud (qamats qatan: lower line central stab = qamats) |
| p. | HB | פּ | פּ * | p | ק pe with dagesh (backwards c curl dot) |
| p^ | HB | פֿ | פֿ * | f | ק pe with line above (backwards c curl) |
| q | HB | ק | ק | k | qof (p) |
| r | HB | ר | ר | r | resh (7 rounded) |
| s | HB | ס | ס | s | װ samekh (D) |
| s! | HB | ש | ש | sh | ש shin (y extra prong) |
| s^ | HB | שׁ | שׁ | sh | ש shin (y extra prong) |
| s^^ | HB | שׂ | שׂ | s | ש shin (y extra prong) |
| t | HB | ת | ת | s | ׁ tav (n bar bottom left) |
| t. | HB | תּ | תּ | t | ׁ tav with dagesh (n dot bar bottom left) |
| t^ | HB | ט | ט | t | tet (v) |
| u | HB | ּ | ּ | u | nikud (dagesh on vav: vav shuruq) |
| u! | HB | u | unknown nikud | ||
| u^ | HB | ֻ | ֻ | u | nikud (qubuts: lower triple dot diagonal) |
| w | HB | ו | ו | w | vav (line) |
| w-w | HB | װ | װ | v | double vav |
| w-y | HB | ױ | ױ | oy | vav yod |
| y | HB | י | י | y | yod (apostrophe) |
| y-y | HB | ײ | ײ | i | double yod |
| z | HB | ז | ז | z | zayin (crooked T) |
| z^ | HB | צ | צ * | tz | tsadi (Y bar bottom) |
| _ | HB | ־ | ־ | - | maqaf (dash) |
* = exception
The description is a block of text about the name's etymology and history. It can also give famous bearers and more detailed information about how the name is used. In name definitions I only allow myself two html tags: <i> and <p>. All other formatting is created automatically. The definition can also include transcriptions, links to other names, links to the glossary, and images.
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