| Name | Historical Name | Years | |
|---|
| Gaius Julius Caesar | Augustus | 27 BC-14 |  |
| Tiberius Julius Caesar | Tiberius | 14-37 | |
| Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus | Caligula | 37-41 | |
| Tiberius Claudius Caesar Germanicus | Claudius | 41-54 | |
| Nero Claudius Caesar Germanicus | Nero | 54-68 | |
| Servius Sulpicius Galba | Galba | 68-69 | |
| Marcus Salvius Otho | Otho | 69 | |
| Aulus Vitellius Germanicus | Vitellius | 69 | |
| Titus Flavius Vespasianus | Vespasian | 69-79 | |
| Titus Flavius Vespasianus | Titus | 79-81 | |
| Titus Flavius Domitianus | Domitian | 81-96 | |
| Marcus Cocceius Nerva | Nerva | 96-98 | |
| Marcus Ulpius Nerva Trajanus | Trajan | 98-117 | |
| Publius Aelius Hadrianus | Hadrian | 117-138 | |
| Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus | Antoninus Pius | 138-161 | |
| Lucius Aurelius Verus | Lucius Verus | 161-169 | |
| Marcus Marcus Aurelius Antoninus | Marcus Aurelius | 161-180 | |
| Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus | Commodus | 177-192 | |
| Publius Helvius Pertinax | Pertinax | 193 | |
| Marcus Didius Severus Julianus | Didius Julianus | 193 | |
| Lucius Septimius Severus | Septimius Severus | 193-211 | |
| Lucius Septimius Bassianus | Caracalla | 198-217 | |
| Publius Septimius Geta | Geta | 209-211 | |
| Marcus Opellius Macrinus | Macrinus | 217-218 | |
| Varius Avitus Bassianus | Elagabulus | 218-222 | |
| Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander | Alexander Severus | 222-235 | |
| Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus | Maximinus Thrax | 235-238 | |
| Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus | Gordian I | 238 | |
| Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus | Gordian II | 238 | |
| Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus | Balbinus | 238 | |
| Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus | Pupienus | 238 | |
| Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius | Gordian III | 238-244 | |
| Marcus Julius Philippus | Philip the Arab | 244-249 | |
| Gaius Messius Quintus Decius | Decius | 249-251 | |
| Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus | Hostilian | 251 | |
| Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus | Trebonianus Gallus | 251-253 | |
| Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus | Aemilian | 253 | |
| Publius Licinius Valerianus | Valerian the Elder | 253-260 | |
| Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus | Gallienus | 253-268 | |
| Marcus Aurelius Claudius | Claudius II Gothicus | 268-270 | |
| Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus | Quintillus | 270 | |
| Lucius Domitius Aurelianus | Aurelian | 270-275 | |
| Marcus Claudius Tacitus | Tacitus | 275-276 | |
| Marcus Annius Florianus | Florian | 276 | |
| Marcus Aurelius Probus | Probus | 276-282 | |
| Marcus Aurelius Carus | Carus | 282-283 | |
| Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus | Numerian | 283-284 | |
| Marcus Aurelius Carinus | Carinus | 283-285 | |
| Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus | Diocletian | 284-305 | |
| Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus | Maximian | 286-305 | |
| Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius | Constantius I Chlorus | 305-306 | |
| Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus | Galerius | 305-311 | |
| Flavius Valerius Severus | Severus II | 306-307 | |
| Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius | Maxentius | 306-312 | |
| Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus | Constantine the Great | 306-337 | |
| Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus | Maximinus II Daia | 311-313 | |
| Valerius Licinianus Licinius | Licinius | 311-324 | |
| Flavius Claudius Constantinus | Constantine II | 337-340 | |
| Flavius Julius Constans | Constans | 337-350 | |
| Flavius Julius Constantius | Constantius II | 337-361 | |
| Vetranio | Vetranio | 350 | |
| Flavius Claudius Julianus | Julian the Apostate | 360-363 | |
| Flavius Jovianus | Jovian | 363-364 | |
| Flavius Valentinianus | Valentinian I | 364-375 | |
| Flavius Julius Valens | Valens | 364-378 | |
| Flavius Flavius Gratianus | Gratian | 375-383 | |
| Flavius Valentinianus | Valentinian II | 375-392 | |
| Flavius Theodosius | Theodosius the Great | 379-395 | |
| Flavius Arcadius | Arcadius | 395-408 | |
| Flavius Honorius | Honorius | 395-423 | |
| Flavius Theodosius | Theodosius II | 408-450 | |
| Flavius Constantius | Constantius III | 421 | |
| Flavius Placidius Valentinianus | Valentinian III | 425-455 | |
| Flavius Marcianus | Marcian | 450-457 | |
| Flavius Petronius Maximus | Petronius Maximus | 455 | |
| Eparchius Avitus | Avitus | 455-456 | |
| Julius Valerius Majorianus | Majorian | 457-461 | |
| Flavius Valerius Leo | Leo I | 457-474 | |
| Flavius Libius Severus Serpentius | Libius Severus | 461-465 | |
| Procopius Anthemius | Anthemius | 467-472 | |
| Anicius Olybrius | Olybrius | 472 | |
| Glycerius | Glycerius | 473-474 | |
| Flavius Leo Junior | Leo II | 474 | |
| Julius Nepos | Julius Nepos | 474-480 | |
| Flavius Zeno | Zeno | 474-475; 476-491 | |
| Flavius Basiliscus | Basiliscus | 475-476 | |
| Romulus Augustus | Romulus Augustus | 475-476 | |
| Flavius Anastasius | Anastasius I | 491-518 | |
| Flavius Justinus | Justin I | 518-527 | |
| Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus | Justinian the Great | 527-565 | |
| Flavius Justinus Junior | Justin II | 565-578 | |
| Flavius Tiberius Constantinus | Tiberius II Constantine | 574-582 | |
| Flavius Mauricius Tiberius | Maurice | 582-602 | |
| Flavius Phocas | Phocas | 602-610 | |
| Flavius Heraclius | Heraclius | 610-641 | |
| Constantinus Heraclius | Heraclonas | 641 | |
| Heraclius Novus Constantinus | Constantine III | 641 | |
| Heraclius Constantinus | Constans II | 641-668 | |
| Constantinus | Constantine IV | 668-685 | |
| Justinianus | Justinian II | 685-695; 705-711 | |
| Leo | Leontius | 695-698 | |
| Tiberius | Tiberius III | 698-705 | |
| Philippicus Bardanes | Philippikos | 711-713 | |
| Artemius Anastasius | Anastasius III | 713-716 | |
| Theodosius | Theodosius III | 716-717 | |
| Leo | Leo III the Isaurian | 717-741 | |
| Constantinus | Constantine V | 741-775 | |
| Leo | Leo IV the Khazar | 775-780 | |
| Constantinus | Constantine VI | 780-797 | |
| Irene Sarantapechaina | Irene | 797-802 | |
| Nicephorus Logothetes | Nicephorus I | 802-811 | |
| Stauracius | Stauracius | 811 | |
| Michael Rangabe | Michael I | 811-813 | |
| Leo | Leo V the Armenian | 813-820 | |
| Michael | Michael II the Stammerer | 820-829 | |
| Theophilus | Theophilus | 829-842 | |
| Michael | Michael III | 842-867 | |
| Basil | Basil I the Macedonian | 867-886 | |
| Leo | Leo VI the Wise | 886-912 | |
| Alexander | Alexander | 912-913 | |
| Constantinus Porphyrogenitus | Constantine VII | 913-959 | |
| Romanus Lecapenus | Romanus I | 920-944 | |
| Romanus | Romanus II | 959-963 | |
| Nicephorus Phocas | Nicephorus II Phocas | 963-969 | |
| Johannes Tzimisces | John I Tzimisces | 969-976 | |
| Basil | Basil II | 976-1025 | |
| Constantinus | Constantine VIII | 1025-1028 | |
| Romanus Argyrus | Romanus III Argyrus | 1028-1034 | |
| Michael | Michael IV Paphlagonian | 1034-1041 | |
| Michael | Michael V | 1041-1042 | |
| Zoe Porphyrogenita | Zoe | 1042 | |
| Constantinus Monomachus | Constantine IX Monomachus | 1042-1055 | |
| Theodora | Theodora | 1055-1056 | |
| Michael Bringas | Michael VI Stratioticus | 1056-1057 | |
| Isaac Comnenus | Isaac I Comnenus | 1057-1059 | |
| Constantinus Ducas | Constantine X Ducas | 1059-1067 | |
| Romanus Diogenes | Romanus IV Diogenes | 1067-1071 | |
| Michael Ducas | Michael VII Ducas | 1071-1078 | |
| Nicephorus Botaniates | Nicephorus III Botaniates | 1078-1081 | |
| Alexius Comnenus | Alexius I Comnenus | 1081-1118 | |
| Johannes Comnenus | John II Comnenus | 1118-1143 | |
| Alexius Comnenus | Alexius II Comnenus | 1143-1180 | |
| Manuel Comnenus | Manuel I Comnenus | 1143-1180 | |
| Andronicus Comnenus | Andronicus I Comnenus | 1183-1185 | |
| Isaac Angelus | Isaac II Angelus | 1185-1195; 1203-1204 | |
| Alexius Angelus | Alexius III Angelus | 1195-1203 | |
| Alexius Angelus | Alexius IV Angelus | 1203-1204 | |
| Alexius Ducas Murtzuphius | Alexius V Ducas | 1204 | |
| Theodorus Comnenus Lascaris | Theodore I Lascaris | 1204-1221 | |
| Johannes Ducas Vatatzes | John III Ducas Vatatzes | 1221-1254 | |
| Theodorus Ducas Lascaris | Theodore II Lascaris | 1254-1258 | |
| Johannes Ducas Lascaris | John IV Lascaris | 1258-1261 | |
| Michael Palaeologus | Michael VIII Palaeologus | 1259-1282 | |
| Andronicus Palaeologus | Andronicus II Palaeologus | 1282-1328 | |
| Michael Palaeologus | Michael IX Palaeologus | 1293-1320 | |
| Andronicus Palaeologus | Andronicus III Palaeologus | 1328-1341 | |
| Johannes Cantacuzenus | John VI Cantacuzenus | 1341-1354 | |
| Johannes Palaeologus | John V Palaeologus | 1341-1376; 1379-1390; 1390-1391 | |
| Andronicus Palaeologus | Andronicus IV Palaeologus | 1376-1379 | |
| Johannes Palaeologus | John VII Palaeologus | 1390 | |
| Manuel Palaeologus | Manuel II Palaeologus | 1391-1425 | |
| Johannes Palaeologus | John VIII Palaeologus | 1425-1448 | |
| Constantinus Palaeologus Dragases | Constantine XI Palaeologus | 1449-1453 | |
