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The exact etymology of Xpiyacoc is not definitively established. Some interpretations suggest connections to concepts like "turtle" or "tortoise" in local dialects, possibly linking him to themes of wisdom and longevity.

Xpiyacoc is a central figure in the Popol Vuh, the sacred narrative of the Kʼicheʼ Maya people. He is revered as the divine grandfather, embodying wisdom, creation, and guidance.​

In the creation myth, Xpiyacoc, along with his counterpart Xmucane, attempts to create humanity. After unsuccessful attempts using mud and wood, they succeed by forming humans from maize dough, highlighting maize's sacred significance in Maya culture. ​

Xpiyacoc is also associated with divination and matchmaking, often invoked by other deities for his wisdom in these areas.