It's more accurate to say they come from the same origins as
Charles, rather than to say they come from
Charles. The Latin version would be
Carolus, and from that we have
Charles,
Carroll,
Carlos,
Carl,
Karl (coming through the Germanic route) and several feminine versions such as
Carol,
Carole,
Charlotte,
Carla,
Karla, Carlette, etc. etc. Yes, they're alternate spellings of the same name that developed in different countries.