Austrian Dukes and Emperors

The land of Austria, within the Holy Roman Empire, was elevated from a march to a duchy in 1156. Thus, the margrave Henry II was elevated to a duke. In 1278 the Habsburg family became the hereditary dukes. They eventually came to style themselves as archdukes. Austria became the center of power in the empire, and the archduke was often also the Holy Roman Emperor.

In 1804 Francis I, who was the Archduke of Austria and the Holy Roman Emperor, formed the Austrian Empire. Two years later he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire. In 1867 the crowns of Austria and Hungary, both possessed by the same person, were merged into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Following defeat in the First World War, Austria became a republic.

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NameYearsOther Names
Karl I1519-1521(Charles)
Maria Theresia1740-1780(Theresa, Walburga, Amalia, Christina)
Maximilian I1493-1519
Franz Joseph I1848-1916(Francis, Karl)
Ferdinand I1521-1564
Franz I1792-1835(Francis, Josef, Karl)
Rudolf II1576-1608(Rudolph)
Joseph II1765-1790(Josef, Benedikt, Anton, Michael, Adam)
Karl II1711-1740(Charles, Franz, Joseph, Wenzel, Balthasar, Johann, Anton, Ignaz)
Leopold IV1657-1705(Ignaz, Joseph, Balthasar, Franz, Felician)
Ferdinand II1590-1637
Maximilian II1564-1576
Friedrich III1457-1493(Frederick)
Leopold V1790-1792
Matthias1608-1619
Ferdinand III1637-1657
Ferdinand I1835-1848(Karl, Leopold, Joseph, Franz, Marcelin)
Karl I1916-1918(Charles, Franz, Josef, Ludwig, Hubert, Georg, Otto, Maria)
Rudolf I1278-1282(Rudolph)
Joseph I1705-1711(Jacob, Ignaz, Johann, Anton, Eustachius)
Albrecht V the Magnanimous1404-1439(Albert)
Albrecht I1282-1308(Albert)
Ottokar II1251-1276(Přemysl, Otakar)
Ladislaus Posthumus1440-1457(László)
Rudolf IV the Founder1358-1365(Rudolph)
Albrecht VII1619(Albert)
Leopold III the Just1365-1379
Rudolf III1298-1307(Rudolph)
Albrecht II1330-1358(Albert)
Albrecht III the Pigtail1365-1395(Albert)
Leopold V the Virtuous1177-1194(Luitpold)
Leopold VI the Glorious1198-1230
Albrecht VI the Prodigal1457-1463(Albert)
Friedrich I the Fair1308-1330(Frederick)
Heinrich II Jasomirgott1156-1177(Henry)
Albrecht IV1395-1404(Albert)
Friedrich II the Quarrelsome1230-1246(Frederick)
Leopold I the Glorious1308-1326
Rudolf II1282-1283
Otto the Merry1330-1339
Friedrich I the Catholic1195-1198(Frederick)
Friedrich II1339-1344(Frederick)
Leopold II1339-1344