Browse Submitted Names

Nowella f American (Rare), Filipino (Rare), Antillean Creole (Rare)
Feminine form of Nowell.

Noxx m & f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Nox or Knox

Nsikan m African American

Ntomakeh m English (African)
Ntomakeh is a palatial name in the Tikari villages of Bamunka-Ndop and Bamunkumbit in Ngoketunjia, Former British Southern Cameroons. It is a name for male title holders in the village signifying "nobility"... [more]

Nudge m English (Australian)
The use of the name (particularly as a pet name) in Australia is likely due to the character of Gerald "Nudge" Noritis, a character from the Australian sitcom 'Hey Dad..!'.

Nuit f English (British), Egyptian Mythology
Nuit is the Ancient Egyptian goddess of the heavens, with her name meaning "sky." Originally she was only the goddess of the night sky, but gradually she came to represent the sky in general. Nuit also protects people in the afterlife... [more]

Nula f English (British, Rare), Manx (Rare)
Variant of Nola.

Numenia f English (Rare)
Hypothetical feminine form of Numenius which was occasionally used in the English-speaking world.

Numerian m English, German (Rare, Archaic), History
English and German form of Numerianus. This name was borne by a Roman Emperor from the 3rd century AD.

Nunito f & m English (American)
A Font

Nunnally m & f English (American, Rare), Popular Culture
Transferred use of the surname Nunnally. A notable bearer was the American filmmaker Nunnally Johnson (1897-1977). It was used for a female character in the Japanese anime television series 'Code Geass' (2006-2007) and its sequel (2008).

Nurine f English (Rare)
Variant of Nerine.

Nurysbel f American (Hispanic)

Nuta m English (American, Modern), Yiddish

Nutella f English (Rare)

Nutget f English

Nwabuoku f English

Nya f American (Modern, Rare)

Nyaire f & m American (Hispanic)

Nyall m English (British)

Nyana f English (Rare)
Rhyming variant of Dyana.

Nyanna f English (Rare)
Variant of Nyana.

Ny'ashia f African American

Ny'Asia f African American (Modern)
Variant of Nyasia.

Nyasia f African American (Modern)
Combination of the phonetic prefix ny and Asia 1. Also compare Nyasha... [more]

Nycholas m English (American)
Variant of Nicholas.

Nyck m West Frisian (Rare), Dutch (Rare), English (Rare)
West Frisian cognate of Nick (also compare Nyckele) as well as a Dutch and English variant spelling of the name. In the anglophone world, this name can also be a direct short form of given names that contain nyck, such as Dominyck.... [more]

Nyckolas m English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Nicholas

Nycole f English (Rare)
Variant of Nicole.

Nycolle f English (Rare), Portuguese (Brazilian, Rare)
Variant of Nicole.

Nydra f English (Rare)

Nyeemah f African American
Variant of Naima.

Nyela f English

Nyeli f English (American, Rare)
Variant spelling of Nayeli.

Nyella f American
Variant of Niella.

Nyesha f African American (Modern, Rare)
Rhyming variant of Iesha.

Nygel m English (Rare)
Variant of Nigel.

Nyia f American (Modern, Rare)

Nyiah f African American (Rare)
Variant of Nya.

Nyikairah f African American
IT was first used by queen Elizibeth what she wanted Princess Kate to name her baby but she found out it was a boy

Nyja f English (Rare)
Variant of Nijah.

Nyjae f African American (Rare)
Variant of Nijae.

Nyjah f & m African American (Rare)
Variant of Nijah.

Nykima f African American (Modern, Rare), Trinidadian Creole (Modern, Rare)

Nykira f African American (Modern, Rare)
Possibly a combination of the phonetic element ny and the name Kira 2.

Nykole f English (Modern)
Variant of Nicole.

Nylasia f American (Modern, Rare)

Nyle m English (Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Nyle.

Nyleah f American (Modern, Rare)

Nyleve f English (American, Rare)
Evelyn spelled backwards.

Nyliah f African American (Modern, Rare)
Meaning unknown, perhaps an invented name based on similar-sounding names such as Nyah, Aaliyah and Nyla.

Nylie f English
Diminutive of Nyla.

Nylo m African American

Nym f English (Rare)
Variant of Nim.

Nymph f American (Rare, Archaic)

Nyna f English (Modern, Rare)
Possibly a variant of Nina 1.

Nyoka f & m Literature, African American, Swahili
A name created by Edgar Rice Burroughs for his novel Nyoka The Jungle Girl. ... [more]

Nyomi f English (American, Modern)
Variant of Naomi 1.

Nyomie f English (Rare)
Variant of Naomi 1.

Nyonna f African American (Rare)
Variant of Nyana.

Nyra f English (Rare)
Possibly a variant of Nyrah.

Nyrah f English (New Zealand), English (Australian)
Anglicized form of Ngaire.

Nyreek m American (Modern, Rare)

Nyri f English (Rare)
Anglicization of Nairi, derived from the Assyrian name for a confederation of tribes in the Armenian Highlands.

Nyrie f English (Australian)
Possibly an Anglicized form of Ngaire.

Nysir m American (Modern, Rare)

Nyteisha f African American

Nyxia f American (Modern, Rare)
A variant of NYXIE, or a diminutive form of Nyx.

Nyxon m English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Nixon. According to the SSA, Nyxon was given to 16 boys in 2018.

Oak m English
Old English āc, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch eik and German Eiche.

Oakes m & f English
Transferred use of the surname Oakes.

Oakie m & f American (South, Americanized)
American English regional name (Appalachian) influenced by Oak + -ie which is a common suffix added to names throughout Appalachia.

Oaklan m English (Modern)
Variant of Oaklyn.

Oakland m & f English (Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Oakland.

Oaklea f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant spelling of Oakley.

Oaklei f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant spelling of Oakley.

Oakli f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant spelling of Oakley.

Oaklie f & m English (American, Rare)
Variant spelling of Oakley.

Oakly m English (American)
Variant of Oakley.

Oaks m English
Transferred use of the surname Oaks.

Oakwell m English
Transferred use of the surname Oakwell.

Oasis f & m English (Modern, Rare)
From the English word oasis referring to a cultivated area (often a date palm grove) in a desert or semi-desert environment. An oasis can also provide habitat for animals and spontaneous plants.... [more]

Oatha f American (Rare, Archaic)

Oatis m American (Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Oatis. Also may be used as a variation of Otis.

Oats m English
Transferred use of the surname Oats.

Oax m English
Variant of Oaks.

Obama m English (American)
Obama is given to honor the Forty-fourth President of the United States, Barack Obama.

Obed-Edom m English (Puritan), Biblical
Means "servant of Edom" in Hebrew, from the verb עבד ('abad) meaning "to work, to serve" and the name Edom, or possibly the word אדם ('adom) "red"... [more]

Obededom m English (Puritan)
Variant of Obed-Edom. Zaphnaphpaaneah Isaiah Obededom Nicodemus Francis Edward Clarke was baptized on 14 October 1804 in Beccles Church, Suffolk, England.

Obedience f English (Puritan), Romani (Archaic)
From the English word obedience, the act of obeying.

O-Be-Joyful m English (Puritan, Archaic)

Obelia f English (Rare), Spanish (Latin American, Rare)
Variant of Obéline.

Obelie f American (Rare, Archaic)
Variant of Obelia.

Obéline f French (Rare), French (Quebec, Rare), English (Canadian, Rare, Archaic)
Means "spit, nail, rod, pointed pillar, horizontal line". From the Greek obelos (ὀβελός) with the French diminutive ending of -ine, -ie, or -ia.

Oberyn m Literature, Popular Culture, English
Variant of Oberon. Oberyn Martell is a character in 'Game of Thrones' and it's origin series 'A Song of Ice and Fire' by George R. R. Martin.

Obey m & f English (Puritan)
Meaning, "behave in accordance with (a general principle, natural law, etc.)." Referring to fearing and obeying God.

Obie m English
Diminutive of names that begin with Ob-, like Obadiah, Obed and Oberon.

Obie f English

Oblad m English (American)

Obri m English (Rare)
Variant of Aubrey.

Obryn m English
Variant of Oberon.

Obsidian m American (Modern, Rare), Popular Culture
Derived from obsidian, the English name for a specific type of volcanic glass. The name is ultimately derived from Latin obsidianus meaning "of Obsidius", after the Roman (also called Obsius in some instances) who supposedly was the first to discover this type of volcanic glass... [more]

Occy m English (Australian)
Given in honour of surfer Mark Occhilupo, whose nickname is "Occy", short for his Italian surname, which means "eyes of the wolf". At the same time it is a play on the word "occy straps", short for "octopus straps" - used by surfers to tie their surfboards to a car roof.

Oceana f English (Rare), Brazilian (Rare, ?), German (Rare, ?)
Feminine form of Oceanus. As an English name, this was coined in the early 19th century.

Oceander m English (Rare)

Oceania f American (Modern, Rare)
Elaboration of Oceana.

Oceanna f English (Rare)
Variant of Oceana.

Oceia f English (American, Rare), English
Possibly an elaboration from the word ocean.

Ocelia f Portuguese (Brazilian, Rare), French (Quebec, Rare), Louisiana Creole (Rare), English (American, Archaic)

Ochre m & f English (Rare, Archaic)
From Old French ocre, via Latin from Greek ōkhra ‘yellow ocher.’

Ocie m & f American (Rare)
Unisex name of unknown origin used primarily in the southeastern US.

Ocieanna f English (Rare)
Variation of Oceana.

Ocpatl f English

Octa f English
Possible diminutive of Octavia.

Octaivia f English
Variant of Octavia.

Octalana f American (Rare)

Octovia f English (Modern)
Variant of Octavia.

Odalysis f American (Hispanic)
A variant of Odalys or Odalis influenced by the French word for lily, which is lys. The meaning of Odalis being "fatherland" or "wealth, fortune," the meaning of Odalysis could be interpreted as "lily of the fatherland" or "wealth of lilies."

Oddie m & f English (Rare)
Variant of Odie.

Odea f Louisiana Creole
Cognate of Odéa.

Odele f English (New Zealand, Rare), Dutch (Rare), Afrikaans (Rare)

Odeliya f Russian (Rare), English (Rare)
Russian form of Odelia 1.

Odella f English
May be a variant of Odelia 1 or a feminization of Odell.

Odelle f English (Rare)
Variant of Odell and rare form of Odelia 1.

Odesa f English (Rare, Archaic)
Variant of Odessa.

Odesser f American (South, Rare)
Variant of Odessa derived from colloquial pronunciation.

Odhran m English
Anglicised form of Odhrán.

Odia f American (South), French (Acadian, Archaic), French (Quebec, Archaic), Louisiana Creole
Variant of Odéa and cognate of Odea. This name was borne by singer Odia Coates (1941–1991).

Odie m & f English
Diminutive of names such as Otis, Odell, Odessa, and Oda.

Odillya f English (Archaic)
Form of Odilia borne by a short-lived daughter (1598) of the poet Emilia Lanier and Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon.

Odinn m English (American)

Odis m English (American)
Variant of Otis.

Odonahue m English
Transferred use of the surname O'Donahue.

Odus m English
Variant of Otis.

Odyssey f English (American, Modern, Rare)
From the English word meaning "an adventurous voyage" and "a spiritual quest", derived from Greek Ὀδύσσεια (Odysseia), literally "of Odysseus"... [more]

Oella f American, English
It is the name of a small historic mill town in Maryland founded in 1808 that inspired generations of women's name in one family.

Offie m English
Possibly a diminutive of Ophrah.

Offutt m English (Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Offutt.

Ofspring m English (Rare, Archaic)
Transferred use of the surname Ofspring. The maternal grandfather of Ofspring Blackall (1655–1716) was named Charles Ofspring.

Og m & f English
Diminutive of Ogden.

Ogee m American (South)
American English regional name (Appalachian) influenced by Auggie.

Ogga f American (South)
American English regional name (Appalachian) influenced by the name Olga.

Oggie m English (Rare)
Diminutive of Ogden or any other any other name beginning with 'Og'.

Ognir m English

Ohio m American
From the name of the state in the United States of America. The origin of the name came from the roquois word, O-Y-O meaning "great river".

Oisin m English
Anglicised form of Oisín.

Ojay m English (Rare)
Phonetic spelling of the initials OJ.

Okelyn f English (American, Modern)
Variant of Oaklyn

Okelynn f English (American, Modern)
Variant of Oaklyn

Okey m American
Transferred use of the surname Okey.

Oklahoma f English (American, Rare)
From the name of the state in the central United States. It is derived from Choctaw okla "people, nation" and humma "red, crimson, scarlet, ruddy" and by extension "honored, brave".

Oktober f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant of October.

Olafe m American (Rare)
Variant of Olaf.

Olan m English (American, Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Olan.

Oland m English (American)
Name of unknown meaning. Oland is possibly comprised of the Swedish elements ö, meaning "island," and land, meaning "land."... [more]

Olandrea f African American (Rare), Melanesian (Rare)
Perhaps related to Oleandra or Oleander.

Olaph m African (Rare), English (American, Rare)
Variant of Olaf.

Olaphine f American (South)

Olar f American
Likely a variant of Ola.

Olave f English (Rare)
Corruption of Olive, if not an adaption of the Norwegian name. A known bearer is the English aristocrat Olave Baden-Powell (1889-1977), the founder of the Girl Guiding movement.

Olden m English (Rare), Haitian Creole
Variant of Alden.

Oleander m & f Greek (Rare), English (Rare)
The name Oleander originated as an Greek name. In Greek, the name Oleander means "an evergreen tree."... [more]

Olen m English (American, Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Olen.... [more]

Oleta f American (South, Archaic)
Variant of Aleta.

Oletha f English

Olevia f American
Variant of Olivia.

Olevian m English (American, Rare)
Olevian is a latinised word meaning "from Olewig" (a town today incorporated into Trier, Germany).... [more]

Oleviana f English (American, Rare)
A feminine form of Olevian.

Oley m English
Variant of Ole, reflecting on the Danish and Norwegian pronunciation of the name.

Olezida f Louisiana Creole (Rare, Archaic)

Olganna f English (American, Rare)
Blend of Olga and Anna.

Olgara f American
Possibly an elaboration of Olga.

Olgie f English (American, Rare, Archaic)
Diminutive of Olga.

Olidon m Louisiana Creole (Rare, Archaic)
Variant of Odilon.

Olie m & f English (Rare)
Variant of Ollie.

Olima f American (Rare, Archaic)

Olin m English (American)
Transferred use of the surname Olin.

Olivander m English (Rare)
Variant of Ollivander.

Olivea f English (American)
Variant of Olivia. Olivea was given to 13 girls in 2018 according to the SSA.

Olivene f English (Rare), Jamaican Patois
Variant of Olivine.

Olivett f English (American, Rare)
Variant of Olivette.

Oliviah f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Olivia.

Olivianna f English (American, Modern)
Elaboration of Olivia.

Olivine f English (Rare), French (Rare), Jamaican Patois, Central African
Diminutive or elaborated form of Olive, or directly from the English and French word olivine that denotes a type of gemstone, whose name ultimately goes back to Latin oliva "olive" (so named in the late 18th century for its olive green color).

Oliviyah f English (American, Modern)
Variant of Olivia. According to the SSA, Oliviyah was given to 6 girls in 2018.

Olivya f Russian (Rare), English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Olivia.

Olizabeth f English
Variant of Elizabeth.

Olla f American (South, Archaic)

Olli m & f English (British, Modern)
Variant of Ollie, a diminutive of Oliver.

Ollis m English
Transferred use of the surname Ollis.

Ollivander m English (American, Modern, Rare), Popular Culture
Surname of Garrick Ollivander, a wizard and the owner of Ollivander's Wand Shop in the Harry Potter book series and movie franchise by J. K. Rowling. In the Harry Potter universe the name is said to be of Mediterranean origin and mean "he who owns the olive wand".

Olliver m Swedish (Modern), Norwegian (Rare), Danish (Rare), English (Rare)
Variant of Oliver.

Ollivia f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Olivia

Ollye f English
Feminine spelling of Olly.

Ollyver m American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Oliver.

Olofsson m American (Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Olofsson.

Olphida f Louisiana Creole

Olson m English (Modern)
Transferred use of the surname Olson.

Olton m English (Rare), Dutch (Surinamese)

Olveen m English

Olympian m & f English (American)
Variation of Olympia, Olympios.

Olynthia f English (Rare)

Olyphant m American (Rare, Archaic)
Transferred use of the surname Olyphant.

Olyva f English (American, Rare)
Variant of Oliva.

Olyve f English (American, Rare)
Variant of Olive.

Olyvea f American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Olivia.

Olyver m English (Rare)
Variant of Oliver

Olyviah f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Olivia.

Olyvya f English (American, Modern)
Variant of Olivia.

Oma f American (Rare, Archaic)
Short form of Naoma.

Omah m Trinidadian Creole (Rare), American (Rare), Nigerian (Rare)

Omara f Spanish (Latin American, Rare), American (Hispanic, Rare)
Feminine form of Omar 1.

Omaria f African American
Feminization of Omarion.

Omarion m African American
Elaborated form of Omar 1.

Omarosa f English (American, Rare)
Variant form of Omarose. A known bearer of this name is the American reality television personality Omarosa (b. 1974), who was born as Omarose Onee Manigault.

Omeka f African American (Rare)

Omelia f English (Rare), American (South, Rare, Archaic)

Omèr m Louisiana Creole
Louisiana Creole form of Homer.

Omère f & m French (Rare), Louisiana Creole
French feminine form and Louisiana Creole masculine variant of Omer.

Omi f English (Archaic), Romani (Archaic)
Diminutive of Naomi 1.

Omie f English (American, Archaic)
Meaning unknown, possibly a diminutive of Naomi 1.

Omyra f American (Hispanic, Rare)
Anglicized variant of Omayra.

Onalee f English (American, Archaic)
Variant of Onnolee.

Onaleigh f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Analeigh or Onnolee.

Onalie f English (American, Rare)
Variant of Onalee.

Ondi f American (Rare)
Maybe a hypochoristic form of Andrea 2.... [more]

Ondra f American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Ondrea.

Ondre m African American
Variant Andre

Ondrea f American (Modern, Rare)

O'Neal m English (American, Rare)
Transferred use of the surname O'Neal.

O'Neil m English, Jamaican Patois
Transferred use of the surname O'Neil.

Oneil m Jamaican Patois, English
Variant of O'Neil.

Onessa f English (Rare)

Onesty f English (American)
Variant of Honesty. This name was given to 5 girls in 2000 according to the SSA.

Oneta f English
Variant of Anita 1. This is the name of two cities in Spain and Italy.

One Too Many m English

Oney m & f American (Rare)
Oney is possibly of Irish (Gealic) origin as the name of a town in Ireland.

Onezia f French (Acadian), Louisiana Creole

Onezie f Louisiana Creole
Variant of Onezia.

Onézime m Louisiana Creole
Variant of Onésime.

Onezime m Louisiana Creole
Creole variant of Onésime.

Ongelique f English
Variant of Angelique.

Onia f American (South, Archaic)
Diminutive of any name ending in -onia.

Onica f English (Rare), South African (Rare)

Onicie f American (Modern, Rare)

Onida f American (Rare)

Onie f English (Rare), Dutch (Rare)
Possibly an obscure Anglicization of Úna and Ùna (compare Owny) or a diminutive of names containing the sound element -on-.... [more]

Onika f African American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Anika 1.

Onita f American (Rare)
Variant of Anita 1 (Compare Onika).

Onix m & f English (Rare), Spanish (Latin American)
Variant of Onyx.

Onlee f English (American, Rare, Archaic)
Contracted form of Onalee.

Onnalee f English (American, Archaic)
Variant of Onnolee.

Onnalie f English (American, Rare)
Variant of Onnalee.

Onnastasia f American (Modern, Rare)

Onnie f English
Possibly a diminutive of Honora or Honoria.

Onnolee f Folklore, Literature, English (American, Archaic)
According to legend, Onnolee was the last survivor of the Munsee nation, which dwelt on the west shore of Canadice lake and near Bald Hill (in the Finger Lakes region, New York) during the latter part of the fourteenth century, and met their death by the hands of the Mengnees; all except Onnolee, who was taken, bound to the belt of the famous leader, Mickinac, and compelled to follow him... [more]

Onolee f English (American, Archaic)
Variant of Onnolee.

Onslow m English (Rare), Romani (Archaic)
Transferred use of the surname Onslow.

Onslowe m English
Transferred use of the surname Onslowe.

Ontario m African American (Rare)
From the name of the Canadian province, or from the name of Lake Ontario (see the place name Ontario), which is probably derived from the Huron word ontarí:io meaning "great lake".... [more]

Onufre m French (Cajun), American (South)
Cajun variant of Onuphre.

Onya f English (Rare)

Onyxx m English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Onyx.

Opalene f English (American, Rare)
Variant of Opaline.

Opaletta f English (Rare)
Elaboration of Opal.

Opalette f American (South, Rare, Archaic)
Elaborated form of Opal.

Opalia f American (South, Rare, Archaic)
From the name of an ancient Roman festival of the earth goddess Opis or Ops, which was held annually on 25 August. It may also be used as an elaboration of Opal or be considered a contracted form of Opalina.

Opalina f English
Elaborated form of Opal.

Opelia f English (Rare), Spanish (Latin American, Rare), Filipino (Rare)
English variant or Latin American Spanish form of Ophelia.

Opha f English
Diminutive of Ophelia. Opha May Johnson (1878–1955) was the first woman to have enlist in the United States Marine Corps.

Ophea f American (South, Rare)
Contraction of Orphea.

Opheleia f American (Rare, Archaic)
Variant of Ophelia.

Ophelion m Ancient Greek, English (American, Rare, Archaic)
Derived from the Greek noun ὠφέλεια (opheleia) meaning "help, aid" as well as "profit, benefit", which is ultimately derived from the Greek verb ὠφελέω (opheleo) meaning "to help, to aid"... [more]

Ophie f English (American, Rare, Archaic)
Diminutive of Ophelia.

Ophilia f English (African), American (South, Archaic)
Variant of Ophelia.

Opie m & f English
Diminutive of Opal.

Optate m English (Modern, Rare)
English form of Optatus.

Optatian m English
English form of Optatianus. This was the name of a saint from the 6th century AD.

Orabel f English (Latinized)
From the Latin orabilis "easily entreated".

Orabell f English (Rare)
Variant of Orabel

Orabella f English (Rare)
A Latin construction which suffixes orare with ābilis - thus interpretable as "given to prayer" or "entreatable."

Orabelle f English (American, Rare)
Variant of Orabella.

Orabilia f English (Latinized)
Orabilia, or Orable, from the Latin orabilis "easily entreated".

Orace m Popular Culture, English (American)
Orace is the mule companion of Flip the Frog in such early 1930s cartoons as The Village Specialist, Spooks, and The Milkman, created by Ub Iwerks.... [more]

Oracle f American (Modern, Rare)
Form the English word oracle meaning "prophecy".

Oralene f English
A form of Ora 1.

Oralia f Spanish (Mexican), American (Hispanic)
Variant of Oralie.

Oraline f English
A form of Ora 1.

Oramel m English (American)

Orange f & m English
First found as a feminine given name in medieval times, in the forms Orenge and Orengia. The etymology is uncertain, and may be after the place in France named Orange... [more]

Orangie f English (American, Rare, Archaic)
Feminine elaboration of Orange

Orben m English
Possible variant of Orban.

Orcelia f English (American, Archaic), French (Quebec, Archaic)
Variant of Orselia.

Orchard m English
Transferred use of the surname Orchard.

Orchart m English
The name of two of Isabella Beeton's sons.

Orchid f English (Modern, Rare)
From the eponymous flowering plant. The plant's name derives from Latin orchis borrowed from Ancient Greek ὄρχις (órkhis) “testicle” (the name was given to the plant because of the testicle-shaped subterranean parts of some European orchids).

Orde m English (Rare)
Transferred use of the surname.

Oreatha f English (African, Rare, ?)

Orélie f Louisiana Creole, French (Acadian), French (Rare), French (Belgian, Rare)
Variant of Aurélie.

Orena f English (American, Archaic)