Submitted Names Matching Pattern *am

This is a list of submitted names in which the pattern is *am.
gender
usage
pattern
Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed.
Helam m Biblical, Biblical Hebrew, Portuguese (Brazilian, Rare), Mormon
Derived from Hebrew חֵילָם (Helam), which is the name of a biblical town where king David and his army fought and won a battle against the army of the Syrian king Hadadezer... [more]
Hesam m Arabic
Hesam means a sharp sword in arabic ( but also iranian people use it ! ) .
Heyam f Arabic
The meaning of name Heyam is " One of the many levels or degrees of love " or " deep love", Often used by Muslims
Hicham m Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Hisham chiefly used in Northern Africa.
Hieroboam m Biblical Greek
Greek form of Jeroboam, as it first appeared in the Septuagint.
Híram m Icelandic
Icelandic form of Hiram.
Hisam m Arabic
Hisam is of Arabic origin and means “sword.”
Hisyam m Malay, Indonesian
Malay and Indonesian form of Hisham.
Hkyam f Burmese
Burmese feminine name meaning "to be cold".
Hoacam f Vietnamese (Modern, Rare)
Combination of the names Hoa and Cam 1.
Horlam m Karachay-Balkar
Means "victory" in Karachay-Balkar.
Hotam m Biblical
Variant transcription of Hotham.... [more]
Hotham m Biblical
A biblical name meaning "seal", "signet", or "lock".... [more]
Huam f Chinese (Teochew)
Teochew Chinese form of Fan.
Humam m Arabic
Means "hardworking, enthusiastic, energetic" in Arabic.
Hürrəm f Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani form of Hürrem.
Hursanam f Uzbek
Derived from Uzbek hur meaning "houri (virgin of paradise)" or "alluring girl" and sanam meaning "beauty, beautiful woman", also an Uyghur classical music genre.
Hussam m Arabic
Variant transcription of Husam. Known bearers of this name include the Iraqi singer Hussam Al-Rassam (b. 1978), the Palestinian soccer player Hussam Abu Saleh (b... [more]
Iachiam m Ladin
Ladin form of Jachiam.
Ibram m English
Possibly a variation of Abram 1 influenced by Ibrahim. It is most often associated with Russian-American sculptor Ibram Lassaw.
Ibtissam f Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Ibtisam chiefly used in Northern Africa.
Idham m Indonesian, Malay
Meaning uncertain, possibly derived from Indonesian and Malay idam meaning "desire, crave, want".
Ihtesham m Urdu, Bengali
Alternate transcription of Urdu احتشام or Bengali এহতেশাম (see Ehtesham).
Ihtisham m Urdu
Alternate transcription of Urdu احتشام (see Ehtesham).
Íkam m Aguaruna
Means "forest, jungle" or "mountain" in Awajún.
Ilgam m Tatar
Tatar form of Ilham.
İntiqam m Azerbaijani
Means "revenge, vengeance" in Azerbaijani.
Inzamam m Arabic
Means "hope" in Arabic.
Iotam m Georgian
Georgian form of Yotam (see Jotham).
Iram f Arabic (Rare), Urdu
From the name of a mythical lost city mentioned in the Qur'an, possibly derived from an Arabic word meaning "toss, throw off". According to legend, Allah destroyed the city with a sandstorm after its inhabitants (called Ad or Aad) refused to accept the teachings of Islam.
Isham m English (Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Isham.
Islaam m & f Arabic (Rare)
Variant transcription of Islam.
Issam m Arabic (Maghrebi), Arabic
Maghrebi variant of 'Isam (chiefly Moroccan and Tunisian).
Itam m Malay
From Iban, a Malayic Dayak language.
Ithream m Biblical Hebrew
Ithream was the son of David and Eglah, David's sixth son, according to II Samuel 3:5.
Izham m Malay
Meaning uncertain.
Jachiam m Romansh (Archaic)
Archaic Romansh form of Jacob via Iacomus.
Jam m & f English
Diminutive of James, Jamesina and other names that begin with Jam-
Jasho'be-am m Biblical
Variant transcription of Jashobeam.... [more]
Jashobeam m Biblical
The name is comprised of two parts: שוב (shub), meaning "to return" and עם ('am), meaning "people" or "kin". Together, it is said to mean "Let the people return".... [more]
Jeroham m & f Hebrew, Biblical Hebrew
Meaning "cherished" or "one who finds mercy."
Jesam m & f Nigerian (Modern)
Originally, an expression used to indicated ... [more]
Jesbaam m Biblical
Variant transcription of Jashobeam.... [more]
Joam m Medieval Portuguese
Early Portuguese variant of John.
Jo’nam m Hebrew, Swedish
Possibly a form of Jonan.
Jotam m Dutch
Dutch form of Yotam (see Jotham).
Kaalam m Cebuano
Means "wisdom" in Cebuano.
Kaam m Kannada
Meaning "Effort".
Kam m Persian
Means "desire, wish" in Persian.
Karam m Indian
An indian name which is quite rare and can only really be found in England or Arabia and India in some places. Means "Fate" and "Destiny" in english.
Kelham m English (Rare), Irish (Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Kelham.
Kenam f Southern African
Transferred use of the surname Kenam.
Keram m Chechen
Chechen form of Karim.
Khagam m Hindi, Sanskrit, Indian, Hinduism
MEANING : flight in the air, a bird. Here ख means air, sky + गम means moving
Kham m & f Zomi
Means Gold in Zomi
Khishignyam m & f Mongolian
From the Mongolian хишиг (khishig) meaning "blessing, favour" and ням (nyam) meaning "Sunday".
Khram m Thai (Rare)
Means "indigo, deep blue" in Thai.
Khuram m Urdu
Alternate transcription of Urdu خرم (see Khurram).
Kiahbroam m Mormon
Variant of Ahbroam.
Ki-nam m Korean
Variant transcription of Gi-nam.
Ko'rkam f Uzbek
Means "comely, picturesque" in Uzbek.
Kosam m Biblical Greek
Form of Cosam used in the Greek New Testament.
Küpeyakwüskonam m Indigenous American, Cree
Means "one arrow" in Cree.
Lâm m Vietnamese
From Sino-Vietnamese 林 (lâm) meaning "forest, woods".
Lam m & f Vietnamese
From Sino-Vietnamese 藍 (lam) meaning "blue, indigo".
Lam m Dutch, German, West Frisian, East Frisian
Short form of names that have land for a first element, and of which the second element starts with a "b." The name Lambert is a good example of that.
Langam m Manipuri
Means "success" in Meitei.
Latham m English
Transferred use of the surname Latham.
Leabharcham f Irish Mythology
Means "crooked book" from Gaelic leabhar "book" and cham "crooked" (a byname probably referring to posture). In Irish legend this was the name of the wise old woman who raised Deirdre in seclusion, and who brought together Deirdre and Naoise.
Leam m English (Rare)
Variant of Liam.
Leiam m English (American, Rare)
Variant of Liam that was given to 6 boys in 2017 per the SSA.
Leonam m Portuguese (Brazilian, Rare)
The name is the inverse of Manoel.
Líam m Icelandic (Modern), Spanish (Modern)
Icelandic and Spanish form of Liam.
Liam m & f Hebrew (Modern)
Means "my people" or "my nation" from Hebrew לִי (li, see Li 2 and עָם (am) "people, nation". It is also a modern Hebrew acronym for "לא ידע עמי מלחמה" which means "my nation didn't know war".
Liham m French (Modern)
Possibly a variant of Liam.
Liliam f Portuguese (Brazilian)
Brazilian Portuguese form of Lillian.
Linoam f & m Hebrew (Modern, Rare)
Combination of the names Li 2 and Noam means "my pleasantness" in Hebrew.
Liram m & f Hebrew
Combination of the names Li 2 and Ram 1 means "my loftiness" in Hebrew. usually masculine, rare as feminine.
Liutram m Germanic
Derived from Old High German liut "people" combined with hraban or hramn "raven."
Liyam m & f Hebrew (Modern, Rare)
Combination of the name Li 2 means "to me" / "mine" with the name Yam means "sea" in Hebrew.
Lliam m English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Liam. There were 23 boys given this name is 2018 according to the SSA.
Luam m & f Lao
Means "python" in Lao.
Luram m Mormon
Nephite soldier, one of three "choice men" (Moroni 9) slain in battle (c. AD 375)
Magomedsalam m Dargin (Russified)
From the given name Magomed combined with Arabic سَلَام (salām) meaning "peace".
Maham f Pakistani
Unknown meaning.Possibly means 'moon'.
Məhərrəm m Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani form of Muharram.
Mairiam f Occitan
Occitan form of Miriam.
Manickam m Tamil
Manickam is a Tamil name widely used among Tamil population in the world. The name originated from Tamilnadu, India.... [more]
Marayam m & f Japanese, Popular Culture
Marayam is Momoze’s younger brother in Hunter X Hunter. His name is a corruption of the Hebrew name Miriam and the Nepali surname Narayan.
Mariadam f Medieval Basque
Combination of Maria and Adam.
Màriam f Catalan
Catalan form of Mariam.
Maríam f Icelandic
Icelandic form of Mariam.
Marjoram f & m American (Rare, Archaic)
Possibly a transferred use of the surname Marjoram.
Markham m English
Transferred use of the surname Markham.
Märyäm f Tatar, Bashkir
Tatar and Bashkir form of Maryam.
Mathuselam m South African
South African form of Methuselah via its latinized form Mathusalem.
Meiram m Kazakh
Means "festival, holiday, celebration" in Kazakh.
Melham m Arabic
Arabic form of William.
Menkam m Bamileke, African
noble child, ... [more]
Meriam f Arabic, Filipino, Maguindanao, Malay
Arabic altenate transcription of Maryam as well as the Maguindanao and Malay form.
Merriam f English (Rare)
Variant of Miriam derived from a Welsh surname which is derived from either the personal name Meuric, which is the Welsh form of Maurice, or ultimately from the Latin personal name Mauritius, which means "dark".
Meryam f Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Arabic مريم (see Maryam) chiefly used in Northern Africa.
Mesollam m Biblical Greek
Greek form of Meshullam, as it first appeared in the Septuagint.
Meyram m Kazakh
Alternate transcription of Meiram.
Miam f Hebrew (Rare)
Shortened version of "Miriam".
Mibsam m Biblical
Meaning "fragrance."
Midhushtam m Hinduism
MEANING : most bountiful or liberal (applied to gods), the sun... [more]
Miliam m Swedish (Modern)
Short form of Maximiliam (compare Milian).
Milliam m Swedish
Short form of Maximilliam.
Mipam m Tibetan
Variant of Mipham.
Mipham m & f Tibetan
Means "unconquered, invincible", from Tibetan མི (mi) meaning "not" and ཕམ (pham) meaning "defeated, subdued".
Mirazam m Uzbek
The first element of this name is derived from either Slavic mir meaning "peace, world" or from Persian میر (mir) meaning "ruler, prince" (compare Amir 1)... [more]
Mirijam f Swedish (Rare), Norwegian (Rare), Sorbian, Slovene
Swedish and Norwegian variant and Sorbian form of Miriam and Slovene variant of Mirjam.
Mirislam m Kazakh (Rare), Kyrgyz (Rare)
The first element of this name is either derived from Slavic mir meaning "peace, world" or from Persian میر (mir) meaning "ruler, prince" (compare Amir 1)... [more]
Mirriam f English
Variant of Miriam.
Miryam f Hebrew, Spanish
Original Hebrew transcription of Miriam, as well as a Spanish variant.
Misham m Biblical
"Their cleansing" or "their beholding", a Benjamite, one of the sons of Elpaal (Ch1 8:12).
Moharram m Persian
Persian form of Muharram.
Mohsanam f Uzbek
Derived from moh meaning "moon, month" and sanam meaning "beauty, beautiful woman", also an Uyghur classical music genre.
Moonbeam f Popular Culture (Rare)
Derived from the word "moonbeam", which describes the brilliant silver light the full moon shines down. This name was borne by a character from the Filmation Associates company "Happily Ever After"... [more]
Muharam m Indonesian, Malay
Indonesian and Malay form of Muharram.
Muharram m Arabic
Means "forbidden" in Arabic, derived from the root حَرَّمَ‎ (harrama) meaning "to forbid". This is the name of the first month of the Islamic calendar, so named because warfare is forbidden during this month.
Muhtasham f Uzbek
Means "magnificent, splendid, majestic" in Uzbek.
Mungam m Manipuri
Means "he will conquer" in Meitei.
Muqdam m Arabic
Me qdam in Arabic language also usually mentioned bad (ALMEQDAM)... [more]
Musalam m Arabic (Rare), Indonesian (Rare)
Arabic alternate transcription of Musallam as well as the Indonesian form.
Musallam m Arabic
Means "unblemished, flawless" in Arabic.
Mutayyam f Medieval Arabic (Moorish)
Means "captive of love" in Arabic.
Nagham f Arabic
Means "tune, melody" in Arabic.
Naham m & f Biblical
From the Hebrew verb נָחַם (nacham) meaning "to comfort". This name occurs in a biblical passage where it is unclear whether the bearer of the name is male or female, although most scholars agree that this person was likely male.
Najam m Arabic
Means "Morning Star"
Năm m & f Vietnamese
Means "five" in Vietnamese.
Namam f Kurdish
The meaning behind the name Namam is a small tree or a sapling;sapling... [more]
Needham m English
Transferred use of the surname Needham.
Neilam f & m Indian (Rare)
Of unknown meaning.
Niam m Arabic, Hindi
Said to mean "law" or "given by God".
Niyam m Indian (Latinized, Modern)
From hindu, meaning, restraint of mind; ethical rules; Discipline activity in accordance in the rules
Nizam m Arabic, Malay, Urdu, Bengali, Turkish
Means "system, order, method" in Arabic.
Nkemakolam f Igbo
Means "let me not lose mine" in Igbo.
Nnyeyam m & f Dagbani
"I have learnt my lesson"
Nóam m Icelandic, Faroese
Icelandic and Faroese form of Noam.
Noham m Tigrinya
Means "comfort" in Tigrinya.
Norhisham m Malay
Combination of Nor 1 and Hisham.
Norsanam f Uzbek
Derived from nor which can mean "camel", "birthmark", "pomegranate" or "fire" and sanam meaning "beauty, beautiful woman", also an Uyghur classical music genre.
Nritam m Indian
MEANING - Strongest , Manliest, most strong or manly. Here नृ means man ,male + तम means superlative degree, most... [more]
Nurilham m & f Indonesian (Rare), Malay (Rare)
Combination of Nur and Ilham.
Nwrislam m Bashkir
Bashkir cognate of Nurislam.
Nyam m Afizere
Means "deer" in Afizere.
Nyam m & f Mongolian
Means "Sunday" in Mongolian.
Obram m Russian
Variant of Abram 2.
Odam m Uzbek
Uzbek form of Adam.
Ohenwam f & m Igede
Means "God is my satisfaction" or "God has satisfied me" in Igede, spoken in Nigeria.
O'ktam m Uzbek
Means "influential" or "generous, affable".
Ölziinyam m & f Mongolian
Derived from the Mongolian өлзий (ölzii) meaning "good luck, blessing" and ням (nyam) meaning "Sunday".
Onwuegbunam m & f Igbo
Means "let death not kill me" in Igbo.
Oratam m Lenape
A sagamore, or sachem, of the Hackensack Indians living in northeastern New Jersey during the period of early European colonization in the 17th century.
Oryam m & f Hebrew (Modern, Rare)
Means "light and sea" in Hebrew, from a combination of Or, meaning "light", and name Yam, meaning "sea".
Osham m Indian
MEANING - with ardour, eagerly, quickly, while burning ... [more]
Otgonnyam m & f Mongolian
Derived from the Mongolian отгон (otgon) meaning "youngest child" and ням (nyam) meaning "Sunday".
Ouiliam m Greek
Phonetic transliteration of William.
Oykaram f Uzbek
Derived from oy meaning "moon" and karam meaning "grace".
Oymakham f Uzbek
Derived from oy meaning "moon" and makham meaning "tough, strong, resolute".
Oysanam f Uzbek
Derived from oy meaning "moon" and sanam meaning "beauty, beautiful woman", also an Uyghur classical music genre.
Pajram m Mari
Means "holiday" in Mari.
Param m Indian
means first
Param m & f Korean (Modern, Rare)
From the verbal noun of adjective 파랗다 (parata) meaning "blue, green" (compare Pureum and Paran).
Parham m Persian
Persian form of Abraham.
Parshuram m Indian
Divine architect
Payram f Khakas
Means "celebration" in Khakas.
Pelagoram m Mormon (Rare)
Possibly a derivative of Peleg, with a suffix of unknown origin.
Pelham m English
Transferred usage of the surname Pelham.
Penjam m Finnish
Finnish short form of Penjami.
Perpugilliam f Popular Culture
This is the full first name of Peri Brown, a companion to the Fifth and Sixth Doctors in 'Doctor Who'. The character claims that her name means "she who lives in the hills", though the accuracy of this is unknown as she does not specify the name's language or origin.
Peyam m & f Kurdish
Means "message" in Kurdish.
Phaikham m & f Lao
Possibly from Lao ໄພ (phai) meaning "forest", "ripple", or "whisper" and ຄຳ (kham) meaning "gold".
Phoukham m & f Lao
From Lao ພູ (phou) meaning "mountain" and ຄຳ (kham) meaning "gold".
Plam m Serbian
From Serbian плам (plam) meaning "flame".
Poonam f Indian, Hindi, Marathi, Punjabi
Alternate transcription of Punam.
Pratham m Indian
It means first in Sanskrit.
Príam m Catalan (Rare)
Catalan form of Priam.
Prijam m Bosnian, Croatian
Bosnian and Croatian form of Priam.
Priyatham m Telugu
Means "dear; darling" in Telugu.
Punam f Indian, Hindi
Means "night or day of the full moon" in Hindi, ultimately from Sanskrit पूर्णिमा (purnima).
Pyram m English (American)
English form of Pyramus... [more]
Qaiam m Mandaean
Means "constant" in Mandaic, or otherwise from the Mandaic qaiamta meaning meeting "dedication, prayer of dedication, offering up, raising up".
Qiyam m Arabic
Either from Arabic قَيِّم (qayyim), meaning "valuable, worthy," or Arabic قِيام (qiyām), meaning "establishment, resurrection."
Quán Thế Âm f Vietnamese
Vietnamese form of Guanyin.
Qulam m Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani form of Ghulam.
Ram m Filipino
Diminutive of Ramgen.
Ram m Avestan, Persian Mythology
In the Zoroastrianism Ram is the angel (yazata) presiding over joy and felicity.
Ram m & f Chin
Means "land; country" in Chin.
Ram m Mandaean
Means "thunder, resounding sound" in Mandaic.
Raraam m Sanskrit
Name - Raraam (Raram) रराम... [more]
Reham f Arabic (Egyptian)
Means “dew on morning flowers” in Arabic.
Resham f Indian, Marathi, Hindi, Nepali
Means "silk" in Hindi.
Riam m & f English (Australian)
Dilution of Miriam, to sound more masculine.
Riham f Urdu, Arabic
Means "drizzle" in Arabic and Urdu.
Ripam m & f Hindi
Meaning Unknown.
Roam m English
Variant of Roham.
Roboam m Biblical Greek, Biblical Latin, Biblical Spanish
Form of Rehoboam used in the Greek and Latin Old Testament.
Rockingham m Literature
The name of character Rockingham Napier in, “Excellent Women,” by Barbara Pym.
Rodam f & m Georgian
Georgian form of Rudabeh. This name was originally feminine in Georgia, but over time it has become a unisex name.... [more]
Roestam m Indonesian
Older spelling of Rustam based on Dutch orthography.
Rohham m Persian
"Invincible bird , Majestic Wine "
Rotram m Germanic
Derived from the Germanic element hrôthi "fame" combined with hraban or hramn "raven."
Ruhdam f Uzbek
Derived from ruh meaning "spirit, soul" and dam meaning "breath".
Rupam m & f Hindi, Tamil, Bengali
From Sanskrit रूप (rupa) meaning "form, beauty."
Ryam m Literature
The given name of several minor characters in the fantasy book series "A Song of Ice and Fire." Alteration of Ryan
Saakam m Santali
Means "gift" in Santali.
Saam m Sanskrit, Hindi, Indian, Hinduism, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali, Nepali, Marathi
"Sweet words for winning an adversary "; pacify; tranquilize; appease... [more]
Sabam m Batak
Means "patient, steadfast" in Batak.
Sadam m Arabic, Indonesian, Urdu, Filipino, Maguindanao, Maranao
Arabic alternate transcription of Saddam as well as the Indonesian, Urdu, Maguindanao and Maranao form.
Saengkham f & m Thai, Lao
From Thai แสง (saeng) or Lao ແສງ (saeng) meaning "light, ray, beam" and Thai คำ (kham) or Lao ຄຳ (kham) meaning "gold".
Safrahanəm f Abkhaz
Derived from Safra and the Turkic word hanım meaning "lady, mistress".
Saif al-Islam m Arabic (Rare)
Means "sword of Islam", derived from Arabic سَيْف (sayf) meaning "sword, sabre" combined with الْإِسْلَام (*al-ʾislām) meaning "Islam"... [more]
Sainnyam m & f Mongolian
From the Mongolian сайн (sain) meaning "good" and ням (nyam) meaning "Sunday".
Salam m & f Arabic, Indonesian
Means "peace" in Arabic. It is a unisex name in most Arabic-speaking countries while it is solely masculine in Indonesia.
Salaram m Germanic
The meaning and origin of the first element in this Germanic name is rather uncertain, and so there are various possibilities to the name's meaning. The most likely possibility is that the first element is derived from Old High German salo "black." Other possibilities are sal "house, living room" and Gothic sêls "kind, friendly." The second element is derived from hraban or hramn "raven."
Sâm m Vietnamese
From Sino-Vietnamese 森 (sâm) meaning "forest".
Sam m Old Danish
Old Danish form of Sámr.
Sam m & f Korean
Means "three" in Korean.
Sam m Arabic
Arabic form of Shem. This is the name of one of prophet Noah's sons according to Islam.
Sam m English
Means "half" in Old English.
Sam m & f Khmer
Meaning uncertain.
Sanam f Indian, Persian, Arabic
It means lover, beloved,sweatheart
Sangram m Marathi (Modern)
Origin Maharashtra,Sangram basically means the War,
Santhanam m Tamil
Santhanam is a pure Tamil name, meaning Sandal.... [more]
Sanyam m Indian
MEANING - control, control of senses, restrain, holding together, concentration of mind, fettering, self- control, closing, binding... [more]
Satnam m & f Indian (Sikh)
From Sanskrit सत्य (satya) meaning "true, real" and नामन् (naman) meaning "name".
Saydam m Yakut
Means "capable, advanced" in Yakut.
Seezoram m Mormon
Member of Gadianton band, tenth known Nephite chief judge (c. 26 BC), eventually succeeded by Lachoneus. How and when he began his reign as chief judge is not known; his first appearance in the Book of Mormon is when Nephi, son of Helaman, prophesied his murder by the hand of his brother, Seantum... [more]
Selam f & m Eastern African, Amharic
Means "peace" in Amharic.
Selvam m & f Tamil
This is a typical Tamil name of persons, and is mostly masculine, rarely used also in the feminine. However, 'Selvan' would be only masculine; and 'Selvi' would be only feminine. 'Selvam' in poetic Tamil means, 'wealth', or 'something precious'... [more]
Shahdam m Uzbek
Derived from the Uzbek shahd meaning "honey".
Shaikhislam m Bashkir (Rare)
From the Arabic title شَيْخ (šayḵ) meaning "chief, chieftain, head" combined with the name of the religion Islam.
Shamam f Armenian
Means "sweet melon" in Armenian.
Shamiram f Assyrian, Armenian
Assyrian and Armenian form of Semiramis.
Shantam m Indian (Rare), Hindi (Rare), Kannada (Rare), Marathi (Rare), Telugu (Rare), Punjabi (Rare), Bengali (Rare)
Derived from Sanskrit śānta (शान्त) meaning "serene, quiet, calm."
Shiram f & m Hebrew (Modern, Rare)
Combination of the name Shir 1, meaning "song". And the word עַם (am), meaning "people" or "nation". Means "song of the nation" or "folk song" in Hebrew.
Shivam m Indian, Hindi
Derived from Sanskrit शिवम् (shivam) meaning "kindly, tenderly".
Shoham f & m Hebrew
Means "onyx" or "sardonyx" in Hebrew. (see Onyx, see Sardonyx)