Browse Submitted Names

This is a list of submitted names in which the usage is Italian; and the first letter is A or M or P or S.
gender
usage
Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed.
Menta f Italian (Rare), Medieval Italian, Hungarian (Rare)
Italian and Hungarian form of Minthe. The name coincides with both Italian and Hungarian menta "mint".
Mercede f Italian
Italian form of Mercedes
Mercuriale m Italian
Italian form of Mercurialis.
Merenziana f Italian
Truncated form of Emerenziana.
Merlino m Italian
Italian form of Merlin
Mesalina f Italian
A variant of Messalina, a Roman empress.
Messalina f Ancient Roman, Italian, Spanish, Catalan
Feminine diminutive of the Roman family name Messalla, which was originally an agnomen derived from the place name Messana, applied to the 3rd-century BC Roman general Manius Valerius Maximus Corvinus to commemorate his victory at the city of Messana in Sicily... [more]
Metodio m Italian (Rare), Spanish (Rare)
Italian and Spanish form of Methodius.
Metodiu m Asturian, Romanian, Sicilian
Asturian, Romanian and Sicilian form of Methodius.
Metrobio m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Metrobios via it's Latinized form Metrobius.
Metrofane m Italian
Italian form of Metrophanes.
Miceli m Sicilian
Sicilian form of Michael.
Michelarcangelo m Italian
Combination of Michele and Arcangelo
Micheli m Sicilian, Sardinian, Corsican (Archaic)
Sicilian, Sardinian and Corsican form of Michael.
Midardu m Sicilian
Sicilian form of Medardus.
Midea f Italian, Greek Mythology (Latinized)
Latinized form of Mideia, as well as the modern Italian form.
Miele f Italian (Rare)
Means "honey" in Italian.
Mietta f English (Australian, Rare), Italian (Rare), Hungarian
Latinate form of Miette, or perhaps a Latinate diminutive of Mia.
Mignano m Italian (Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Mignano
Mila f Italian
Feminine form of Milo.
Milasi m Sicilian
Variant of Bilasi.
Milete m Italian
Italian form of Myles 2.
Milio m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Milius. In modern times it may be occasionally used as a short form of Emilio.
Milissa f Sicilian
Sicilian form of Melissa.
Milone m Italian (Rare)
Italian form of Milo.
Miluna f Italian (Modern), Venetian
From the Italian words mia luna literally meaning "my moon". According to a Venetian legend the 1600s nobleman Vittore Calergi proposed to his love interest with these words (meant "my sweetness, my dear") and a beautiful diamond later renamed Miluna... [more]
Milva f Italian
Feminine form of Milvio, although folk etymology likes to consider it a contraction of Maria and Ilva or Maria and Silvia and other names ending in -ilva/-ilvia.... [more]
Milziade m Italian
Italian form of Miltiades.
Mimì f & m Italian, Theatre
Italian form of Mimi as well as diminutive of other names with a m sound of any gender. Mimì, a seamstress, is a main character in 'La bohème' (1896) by Giacomo Puccini, based on 'Scènes de la vie de bohème' (1851) by Henri Murger.
Mimma f Italian
Diminutive of Domenica.
Mimmo m Italian
Diminutive of Domenico
Mimo m Italian
Variant of Mimmo.
Minervino m Italian
Italian form of Minervinus.
Minghino m Italian (Rare, Archaic)
Used in fifth story of fifth day in The Decameron
Miniato m Italian (Rare)
Italian form of Miniatus.
Mìnica f Sicilian
Short form of Dumìnica.
Mìnicu m Sicilian
Short form of Duminicu.
Mino m Italian, Spanish
Diminutive of Giacomo, Guglielmo, or Maximo.
Mira f Italian, Friulian
Feminine form of Roman Mirus.
Mirabela f Romanian, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Latinate and Romanian form of Mirabella.
Mirandolina f Italian
Diminutive of Miranda.
Mirca f Italian
Italian variant of Mirka 1.
Miredda f Sicilian
Sicilian variant of Mirella.
Mirello m Italian (Rare)
Masculine form of Mirella.
Mirelva f Dutch, Italian, Spanish
The meaning of this name is uncertain; it may be a blend of two existing names (perhaps Mira and Elvira) or possibly etymologically related to Mirella... [more]
Mirocle m Italian
Italian form of Mirocles via Mirokles
Mirone m Italian
Italian form of Myron.
Mirra f Italian, Russian
Italian meaning, “myrrh.”
Mirtilla f Italian (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Mirta also similar to the Italian word mirtillo meaning "blueberry". It has been used in the Italian translation of 'Harry Potter' franchise for the character Mirtilla Malcontenta (Moaning Myrtle).
Misaele m Italian
Italian form of Mishael.
Mistianu m Sicilian
Variant of Bastianu via Vistianu.
Mitìddi m Sicilian
Sicilian form of Methodius.
Mitridate m Italian
Italian form of Mithridates.
Miuccia f Italian
Italian diminutive of Maria (via Mariuccia). It is borne by Italian fashion designer Miuccia Prada (1949-), born Maria Bianchi.
Mociano m Italian
Italian form of Mucianus.
Moderata f Late Roman, Italian (Archaic)
Feminine form of Moderatus. Known bearers of this name include the 4th-century martyr and saint Moderata of Sirmium (which was located in what is nowadays Serbia) and the Venetian writer and poet Moderata Fonte (1555-1592), although it should be noted that in her case, the name is a pseudonym: her real name was Modesta di Pozzo di Forzi.
Monalda f Dutch (Archaic), German (Rare), Italian (Rare)
Feminine form of Monald (Dutch and German) and Monaldo (Italian).
Monaldo m Italian (Rare)
Italian form of Munuald. Known bearers of this name include the 13th-century Italian saint Monaldo of Ancona (better known as Monaldus, the latinized form of his name) and Monaldo Leopardi (1776-1847), an Italian count who was also a politician, philosopher and scholar.
Monia f Italian
Variant of Monya.
Mònica f Sicilian
Sicilian form of Monica.
Monomaco m Italian
Italian form of Monomachos.
Montano m Theatre, Italian (Archaic)
Italian form of Montanus. Montano has been used by William Shakespeare for a character in 'Othello' (1603).
Moraldo m Italian
Moraldo is best known as the name of the protagonist in Federico Fellini's classic Italian film, 'I Vitelloni'. It is also be a name of Nigerian origin. It can sometimes mean 'grace', and it translates to 'moral' in Cebuano.
Morfeo m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Morpheus.
Morla f Literature, Italian (Rare), English (Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Morla.... [more]
Museo m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Musaeus.
Musetta f Theatre, Italian (Tuscan)
Latinate form of Musette, which was possibly based on the dance style, popular in Paris in the 1880s, which took its name from a kind of small bagpipe. It was used by Puccini for the lover of Marcello in his opera La Bohème (1896), which was based on La Vie de Bohème (1851) by Henri Murger (who named the character Musette).... [more]
Muzia f Italian
Feminine form of Muzio.
Muzio m Italian
Derived from Latin mutus "silent, mute". A famous bearer was the composer Muzio Clementi.
Muziu m Sicilian
Sicilian form of Muzio.
Myosotis f Italian (Rare), Spanish (Latin American, Rare), American (Hispanic, Rare)
Derived from the Greek μυοσωτίς meaning "mouse's ear," referring to the leaves of flowering plants belonging to a genus more commonly known as forget-me-nots.
Myrta f English (Rare), German (Swiss, Rare), Spanish (Rare), Italian (Rare)
English and German cognate of Myrtle and Spanish and Italian variant of Mirta.
Pace f & m Medieval Italian, Italian (Rare)
Derived from Italian pace "peace", ultimately from Latin Pax.
Pace m Italian
Diminutive of Pacifico.
Pacìficu m Sicilian
Sicilian form of Pacificus.
Pacino m Italian, Medieval Italian
Masculine diminutive of Pace, which is derived from Latin pax meaning "peace".
Pacomio m Italian, Spanish, Galician
Italian, Galician and Spanish form of Pachomius.
Pafnuzio m Italian
Italian form of Paphnutius.
Palazia f Italian
Italian form of Palatia.
Palemone m Italian (Archaic)
Italian form of Palaimon via its latinized form Palaemon.
Pallade f Italian (Rare)
Italian form of Pallas 1.
Palladio m Italian
Italian form of Palladius.
Palma f Spanish, Croatian (Rare), Italian, Medieval Italian, Catalan, Norwegian (Rare)
Spanish, Catalan, Italian and Croatian word for "palm". This name typically referred to Palm Sunday, the Sunday before Easter, and was historically given to girls born on this day.
Palmina f Italian, Swedish
Diminutive of Palma.
Palmino m Italian
Masculine form of Palmina. This name is usually given to an infant male born on Palm Sunday.
Paluzzo m Italian (Rare, Archaic)
Transferred use of the surname Paluzzi, itself ultimately from Paoluccio... [more]
Pammachio m Italian
Italian form of Pammachius.
Panagioti m Italian (Rare), Greek
Italian form and Greek variant of Panagiotis.
Pancrazia f Italian, Corsican
Italian feminine form of Pancratius and Corsican feminine form of Pancraziu.
Pancrazziu m Sicilian
Sicilian form of Pancratius.
Pandolfo m Italian
Italian form of Pandolf.
Pandroso f Italian (Rare), Spanish (Rare)
Spanish and Italian form of Pandrosus.
Panfila f Italian, Spanish
Feminine form of Panfilo.
Panfilia f Italian (Rare)
Feminine form of Panfilo.
Panopeo m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Panopeus.
Pantagato m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Pantagathos via Latinized form Pantagathus.
Pantalea f Italian (Rare)
Feminine form of Pantaleo.
Pantaleo m Italian
Italian short form of Pantaleone.
Paolantonio m Italian
Italian combination of Paolo and Antonio.
Paoliniano m Italian
Italian form of Paulinianus.
Pardo m Italian
Name of a 6th Century saint associated with the town of Larino, Italy. Believed to have been born in the Peloponnese, Pardo spent three years preaching in Larino before settling in the nearby town of Lucera... [more]
Parisio m Italian
Italian form of Parisius.
Parmina f Italian, Romanian
Probably derived from the name of the Italian city Parma. ... [more]
Partenio m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Parthenios via Parthenius.
Partenopeo m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Parthenopaeus.
Pascario m Italian (Archaic), Spanish (Archaic)
Italian and Spanish form of Pascarius, which is a variant of Pascharius.
Pascasio m Italian (Archaic), Galician (Rare), Spanish
Italian, Galician and Spanish form of Pascasius, which is a variant of Paschasius.
Pasitea f Italian, Spanish, Portuguese
Italian, Spanish and Portuguese form of Pasithea.
Pasqua f Italian (Rare), Medieval Italian
Directly taken from Italian pasqua "Easter".
Pasquala f Italian
Feminine form of Pasquale.
Pasquali m Corsican, Sicilian
Corsican variant and Sicilian form of Pasquale.
Pasquarosa f Italian
Italian compound name created from Pasqua and Rosa 1.
Passitea f Italian
Italian form of Pasithea. A known bearer was the Blessed Passitea Crogi (1564-1615), a Cistercian nun of Siena who beat herself with thorns and washed the wounds with vinegar, salt and pepper.
Pastore m Italian
Italian form of Pastor.
Paterniano m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Paternianus.
Paterno m Italian, Spanish, Portuguese
Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese form of Paternus.
Patriziu m Corsican, Sicilian
Corsican and Sicilian form of Patricius.
Patroclo m Italian
Italian form of Patroklos (see Patroclus).
Paulini m Sicilian
Variant of Paulinu.
Paulinu m Corsican, Sicilian
Corsican and Sicilian form of Paulinus.
Pausilippo m Italian
Italian form of Pausilippus.
Paziente m Italian
Italian form of Patiens.
Pazienza f Italian
Means "patience" in Italian.
Pazienzia f Italian
Italian form of Patientia.
Pedrolino m Italian, Theatre
Diminutive of Pedro with an added diminutive Italian suffix -lino. Pedrolino is a primo Zanni of the commedia dell'arte. Contemporary illustrations suggest that his white blouse and trousers constituted "a variant of the typical Zanni suit", and his Bergamasque dialect marked him as a member of the "low" rustic class.
Pegaso m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Pegasus.
Pelagio m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Pelagios via Pelagius.
Peleo m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Peleus.
Peneo m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Peneus.
Penteo m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Pentheus.
Peppa f Italian, Sardinian
Diminutive of Giuseppa and Giosepa.
Peppiniello m Neapolitan
Neapolitan diminutive of Giuseppe.
Perfetta f Italian (Rare)
Italian feminine form of Perfectus.
Perfetto m Italian
Italian form of Perfectus.
Periandro m Italian, Spanish, Portuguese
Italian, Spanish and Portuguese form of Periander.
Peribea f Italian (Rare), Catalan (Rare), Spanish (Rare)
Italian, Spanish and Catalan form of Periboea.
Pericle m Italian
Italian form of Pericles.
Perlina f Italian (Rare), Spanish (Rare), English (American, Rare)
Diminutive of Perla. In other words: you could say that this name is the Italian and Spanish cognate of Perline... [more]
Peronella f Italian (Rare), Medieval Italian
Catalan form and medieval Italian variant of Petronilla. The Italian novelist Boccaccio used this name in his work 'The Decameron' (1350).
Persea f Italian
Feminine form of Perseo.
Persefone f Italian
Italian form of Persephone.
Perseo m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Perseus.
Pertinace m Italian
Italian form of Pertinax.
Petronio m Italian, Galician, Venetian
Italian, Venetian and Galician form of Petronius.
Pierangela f Italian
Feminine form of Pierangelo.
Pierangelo m Italian
Combination of Piero and Angelo.
Pieranna f Italian
Combination of Piera and Anna.
Pierantonio m Italian
Combination of Pier and Antonio.
Pieretta f Italian, Corsican
Diminutive of Piera.
Pierfrancesco m Italian
Combination of Piero and Francesco.
Piergiorgio m Italian
Combination of Pier and Giorgio.
Piergiuseppe m Italian
Combination of the names Piero or Pier and Giuseppe. This was the name of Italian medievalist Piergiuseppe Scardigli (1933-2008).
Piermaria m Italian (Rare)
Combination of Piero and Maria.
Piermassimiliano m Italian
Combination of Pietro and Massimiliano. A famous bearer of this name is the Italian rugby union player Piermassimiliano Dotto (1970-2012).
Pierrina f Italian
The name of a genus of flowering plants, and when used as a name probably a feminine form of Pierre or Piero. This makes it a variant of Pierina, Perrine and Pierrette.
Piersanti m Italian
Meaning "of Saint Peter".
Pietru m Maltese, Sicilian
Maltese and Sicilian form of Peter.
Pigmenio m Italian (Archaic), Spanish (Mexican, Rare)
Italian and Spanish form of Pigmenius. In the Spanish-speaking world (especially in Mexico), this name is also encountered as a short form or variant of Epigmenio.
Pileo m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Pylaeus.
Pileria f Italian (Rare)
Taken from the title of the Virgin Mary Maria Santissima del Pilerio whose name is derived from the Calabrian dialect word pileri (pilastro in Standard Italian) "pillar" (compare Spanish Pilar).
Pilerio m Italian
Possibly from Calabrian pilíeri, meaning "pillar", referring to Our Lady of the Pillar, one of the titles given to Mary, or from Ancient Greek πυλωρός ("gatekeeper, guardian").
Pinuccia f Italian, Sardinian
Diminutive of Pina ultimately a short form of Giuseppa, Giuseppina or Filippa.
Pinuccio m Medieval Italian, Italian
Diminutive of Pino, as -uccio is an Italian masculine diminutive suffix.... [more]
Pipino m Spanish, Italian
Spanish and Italian form of Pépin via Latinized form Pippinus.
Pirro m Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Albanian
Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Albanian form of Pyrrhos.
Pirtinaci m Sicilian
Sicilian form of Pertinax.
Pisandro m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Peisander.
Pitteo m Italian
Italian form of Pittheus.
Piu m Sicilian, Sardinian
Sicilian and Sardinian form of Pius.
Plàcidu m Sicilian
Sicilian form of Placidus.
Platone m Italian
Italian form of Plato.
Platuni m Sicilian
Sicilian form of Plato
Plautilla f Late Roman, Italian
Late Latin and Italian feminine diminutive of Plautus.
Plistarco m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Pleistarchus.
Plutarco m Italian, Spanish, Portuguese
Italian, Spanish and Portuguese form of Plutarch.
Plutone m Italian
Italian form of Pluto.
Polibio m Galician, Italian, Spanish
Galician, Italian and Spanish form of Polybius.
Polidora f Italian
Feminine form of Polidoro.
Polidoro m Spanish, Portuguese, Italian
Spanish, Italian and Portuguese form of Polydorus.
Polieucto m Italian, Portuguese, Spanish
Italian Portuguese and Spanish form of Polyeuctus (see Polyeuktos).
Polito m Italian
The reduced form of Ippolito.
Pòlitu m Sicilian
Sicilian form of Hippolytos.
Poliuto m Italian
Italian form of Polyeuctus (see Polyeuktos). Masculine form of Poliuta.
Polizelo m Italian
Italian form of Polyzalus.
Pollione m Italian, Theatre
Italian form of Pollio. This name was used by Vincenzo Bellini and Felice Romani for the main masculine character in the opera 'Norma' (1831), based on Alexandre Soumet's play 'Norma, ou L'infanticide'.
Polluce m Italian
Italian form of Pollux.
Polo m Spanish, English, Italian, English (American), Medieval Spanish, Medieval Italian
This name likely roots from Paolo or Paulo, and Polo is a variant of both. It can be used in association with the sport also, but very rarely is.
Pompea f Italian
Italian form of Pompeia.
Pompilio m Italian
Italian form of Pompilius.
Ponzia f Italian
Feminine form of Ponzio.
Ponziano m Italian
Italian form of Pontian.
Poppea f English (Rare, Archaic), Theatre, Italian (Rare, Archaic, ?)
Variant of Poppaea. This name was used for the title character of Claudio Monteverdi's opera 'L'incoronazione di Poppea' (1642).
Porcario m Italian
Italian form of Porcarius.
Porcio m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Porcius.
Porfi m Spanish, Italian
Short form of Porfirio.
Porfiria f Italian (Archaic), Spanish, Spanish (Mexican), Galician, Dutch (Antillean, Archaic), Portuguese (Indian, Archaic)
Italian, Spanish and Galician form of Porphyria (see Porfirio) as well as a variant of Porfíria used in former Portuguese India.
Porzia f Italian
Italian form of Portia.
Porziano m Italian
Italian form of Portianus.
Porzio m Italian
Italian form of Porcius.
Poseidone m Italian
Italian form of Poseidon.
Potino m Italian (Archaic), Spanish (Archaic), Portuguese (Archaic)
Italian, Spanish and Portuguese form of Potheinos via its latinized form Pothinus.
Potito m Italian
Italian form of Potitus. A notable bearer of this name is the Italian former tennis player Potito "Poto" Starace (b. 1981).
Pragmazio m Italian
Italian form of Pragmatius and variant of Prammazio.
Prammazio m Italian
Italian form of Pragmatius and variant of Pragmazio.
Prassede f Italian (Rare)
Italian form of Praxedes.
Prassifane m Italian
Italian form of Praxiphanes.
Prassitea f Italian
Italian form of Praxithea.
Prete m Italian
Variant of the name Peter.
Pretestato m Italian
Italian form of Praetextatus.
Preziosa f Italian, Judeo-Spanish
Italian form of Precious, possibly via the Medieval Spanish name Preciosa.
Preziusa f Sicilian
Sicilian form of Preziosa.
Priapo m Italian
Italian form of Priapos via its latinized form Priapus.
Prima f Late Roman, Italian (Archaic)
Feminine form of Primus (see Primo).
Primarosa f Italian (Rare)
Italian adoption of Primrose.
Primavera f Italian (Rare), Medieval Italian, Spanish (Latin American, Rare)
Derived from Vulgar Latin prīmavēra "spring". The descendant word primavera is used in Asturian, Catalan, Galician, Italian, Portuguese (and Old Portuguese), Sicilian, and Spanish.
Primetta f Italian (Rare)
Diminutive of Prima.
Primiano m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Primianus. A bearer of this name was the Argentinian jurist and politician Primiano Acuña Vieyra (1852-1934).
Prisciano m Galician, Italian, Spanish
Galician, Italian and Spanish form of Priscian.
Prisco m Italian, Galician
Italian and Galician form of Priscus.
Proclo m Italian, Spanish, Portuguese
Italian, Spanish and Portuguese form of Proklos via Proclus.
Procolo m Italian
Italian form of Proculus.
Procopio m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Prokopios.
Prometeo m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Prometheus.
Prometto m Italian
Promise.
Pronace m Italian (Rare)
Italian form of Pronax.
Properzia f Italian
Italian feminine form of Propertius. Properzia de' Rossi was a female marble sculptor of the Italian Renaissance.
Prosdocimo m Italian
Italian form of Prosdocimus.
Prosimno m Italian
Italian form of Prosymnus.
Prosperina f English (Rare), Italian (Rare)
Feminine form of Prosper and Prospero and diminutive form of Prospera.
Protasio m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Protasius. A known bearer of this name was the Mexican soldier and politician Protasio Tagle (1839-1903).
Proteo m Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Proteus.
Protogene m Italian
Italian for of Protogenes.
Provina f Italian (Archaic)
Feminine form of Provino.
Provvidenza f Italian
Italian cognate of Providence.
Prucopiu m Sicilian
Sicilian form of Procopius via Prokopios.
Prudente m Italian (Archaic), Spanish (Latin American, Rare), Portuguese (Brazilian, Rare)
Italian, Spanish and Portuguese form of Prudens. In Italy, this name is also encountered as a variant of Prudenzio, which is the main Italian form of Prudentius.... [more]
Prudenza f Italian (Rare)
Means "prudence" in Italian, directly from Latin prudentia.
Publio m Galician, Italian, Spanish
Galician, Italian and Spanish form of Publius.
Pudente m Italian (Archaic), Spanish (Rare), Portuguese (Archaic)
Italian, Spanish and Portuguese form of Pudens.
Pulchera f Sicilian
Sicilian form of Pulcheria.
Pulcheria f Late Greek, History (Ecclesiastical), German (Bessarabian), Italian (Rare)
Derived from Latin pulcher meaning "beautiful, noble". This name was borne by Saint Pulcheria, elder sister of the Byzantine emperor Theodosius II. It was also the name of a character in 'Crime and Punishment' by Fyodor Dostoevsky.
Pullunia f Sicilian
Sicilian form of Apollonia.
Pupella f Italian (Rare, ?)
Pupella Maggio (1910-1999) was an Italian film actress. She was born Giustina Maggio. Pupella was her nickname, and it means "little doll" in Italian. She worked with Federico Fellini, the famous Italian film director.
Pupillo m Italian, Spanish, Portuguese
Italian, Spanish and Portuguese form of Pupillus.
Sabata f Italian (Rare)
Feminine form of Sabato.
Sabatino m Italian
Diminutive of Sabato.
Sabba m Italian
Italian form of Sabbas and variant of Saba.
Sabbazio m Italian
Italian form of Sabbatios via Sabbatius.
Sabedda f Corsican, Sicilian
Truncated form of Isabedda.
Sabellio m Italian
Italian form of Sabellius.
Sabiniano m Galician, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese
Galician, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese form of Sabinian.
Saladino m Galician (Rare), Italian
Galician and Italian form of Saladin.
Salerio m Italian
Used by William Shakespeare in the play "The Merchant of Venice". Possibly derived from Saverio.