American Submitted Names

Merrily f English (American, Rare)
Old English myrge "pleasing, agreeable, pleasant, sweet; pleasantly, melodiously" from Proto-Germanic murgijaz, which probably originally meant "short-lasting."

Merriman m English, Indigenous Australian
Transferred use of the surname Merriman.... [more]

Merrix m English (Rare)

Merryann f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Possibly a variation of Maryann, which is possibly influenced by the English word merry meaning "cheerful, lively".

Merryanne f English
Marianne, but containing Merry 1.

Merryl f English
Variant of Merril.

Merta f English
Feminine version of Merton.

Mertice f English (Rare)
Variant of Myrtis.

Mertie f English (American)
Variant of Myrtie.

Mertle f English, Popular Culture
Variant of Myrtle.

Merula f Dutch (Rare), English (Rare)
Latinized form of Merel.

Merveille f & m French (African, Rare), English (Rare)
French cognate of Marvel.

Mervel m & f English (American, Rare), Filipino (Rare)
Meaning unknown, most likely a variant of Marvel and Merveille.

Mervil m American

Merwenn f English (Rare, Archaic), Medieval English
From the Old English name Mærwynn which was derived from mær meaning "famous" and wynn "joy". This was the name of a 10th-century saint, the first abbess of Rumsey convent in Hampshire, England after its 967 restoration under King Edward the Peaceful, and the spiritual teacher of Saint Elfleda.

Merwin m English, Dutch (Rare), Dutch (Antillean, Rare), Dutch (Surinamese, Rare)
Variant of Mervyn.

Merwyn m English (American, Rare)
Variant of Merwin.

Merylin f English (Rare)
Possibly a variant or Marylin or a combination of Mery and the popular diminutive suffix -lin.

Meryline f English (Rare)
Possibly a variant of Marilyn.

Meryll f English
Variant of Meryl.

Merylyn f English
Combination of Meryl and Lynn; variant of Marilyn.

Meryn f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Maryn.

Merysol f Spanish (Latin American, Anglicized, Modern, Rare), American (Hispanic, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Marysol (see Marisol), reflecting the English pronunciation.

Mescal f English (American, Rare, Archaic), Literature
From the English word for the peyote cactus, from Nahuatl. It was used by American author Zane Grey for a half-Navajo, half-Spanish woman in his novel The Heritage of the Desert (1910) and the subsequent silent film adaptation (1924), in which the character was played by actress Bebe Daniels... [more]

Mesena f English (American, Rare)

Meshae f African American (Modern, Rare)
Combination of the phonetic elements mee and shay.

Meshelle f English (American)
Perhaps variant spelling of Michelle

Mesiah m African American
Variant of Messiah.

Messina f English (Modern, Rare)
From the Italian city of Messina.

Metha f English
Variant of Meta.

Method m English (Archaic)
English form of Methodius.

Metika f African American

Metora f English
"Meteor"

Metro m English (American, Archaic)
Perhaps from the English word metropolitan.

Metta f German, Low German, American, Hungarian
German variant of Mette and Meta and Low German short form of Mechthild as well as a Hungarian borrowing of this name.

Metta m African American (?)

Mettia f Ancient Roman, English (Rare)
Feminine form of Mettius.

Mettie f American (South), English
A diminutive of Metta or a variant of Mattie. Possibly a diminutive of Matilda or Martha or Margaret.

Meygan f American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Megan.

Mheagan f American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Megan.

Mi f English, Portuguese, Swedish
Diminutive of Maria. ... [more]

Miabella f English (Modern, Rare)
Combination of Mia and Bella.

Miah f English (Modern)
Variant of Mia or Maya 2.

Miahna f American
The history of the name Miahna is from a crazy mother who has an awesome daughter.

Mialynn f English (Rare)
Combination of Mia and Lynn.

Miami f English (Modern)
From the name of the city in the American state of Florida. The city got its name from the Mayaimi, a Native American tribe that lived around Lake Okeechobee until the 17th or 18th century.

Miamor f African American (Modern, Rare), American (Hispanic, Modern, Rare), Filipino (Modern, Rare)
From the Spanish phrase mi amor meaning "my love".

Miamore f African American (Modern, Rare), American (Hispanic, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Miamor.

Miana f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Myana.

Mianna f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Myanna.

Mic m American (Rare)
Diminutive for Micah or Michael or a variant of Mick.

Micaelah f American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Micaella f English (Modern, Rare), Filipino
Variant of Michaela.

Micaila f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Micala f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Micayla f English (Modern)
Variant of Michaela.

Michaelah f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Michaelangelo m English (American, Modern, Rare)
Anglicized form of Michelangelo. It peaked in 1990 coinciding with the release of the movie Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, one of whose characters is named Michelangelo (but pronounced like English Michael and Angelo).

Michaelann f English (American, Rare)
Combination of Michael and Ann used as a feminine given name.

Michaele f American
Feminine form of Michael.

Michaelee f American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Makaylee influenced by the original spelling of Michaela. You could also say this is a combination of Michaela with the popular name suffix -Lee or a feminization of Michael with the suffix -lee in the style of Kaylee.

Michaeleen f English (American, Rare)
A feminine form of Michael.

Michaelena f English (American, Rare)
Variant of Michaelina.

Michaelene f English (American, Rare)
A feminine form of Michael.

Michaelia f English (American, Rare)
Elaborated form of Michaela.

Michaeline f English (Rare)

Michaeljoseph m American (Rare)
Combination of Michael and Joseph. Occasionally used in the USA and was given to 11 boys in 1988.

Michaell m English
Variant of Michael.

Michaella f English
Variant of Michaela.

Michaëlle f Louisiana Creole, French (Caribbean), Haitian Creole
Feminine form of Michaël.

Michaelle f American
Unaccented form of Michaëlle occasionally used in the USA. Also could be a variant of Michaela and Michelle (See also Michaella and Michaele).... [more]

Michaelyn f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Combination of Michaela and the popular name suffix lyn.

Michale m English
Variant of Michael.

Michalyn f English (American, Rare)

Miche f & m American (Modern, Rare), Brazilian (Rare)
Perhaps a diminutive of Michel or Michelle (See also Mish). It's a feminine name in the USA and a masculine name in Brazil.

Micheala f English (Rare)
Variant of Michaela using the spelling of Micheal.

Michealangelo m English

Michealla f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Michel f English (Rare), Dutch (Rare), Portuguese (Brazilian, Rare), Spanish (Rare)
Variant of Michelle.

Michell f English
Variant of Michelle.

Michel'le f Popular Culture, African American
Variant of Michelle.

Michelsea f English (Rare)
Combination of Michelle and Chelsea.

Michial m English (American)
Variant of Michael.

Michielle f American (Rare), Medieval French (Rare)
Variant of Michelle.

Micholas m African American (Rare)
Rhyming variant of Nicholas influenced by Michael (also, see Nichael and Micole)... [more]

Michole f English (American, Rare)
Variant of Micole.

Mickaela f English (Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Mickalene f American (Rare, Archaic)
Combination of the name Mick with the popular name suffix lene, though in some cases it may be an Anglicization of Michelina.

Mickaline f American (Rare)
Variant of Mickalene or Michaeline.

Mickayla f American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Mickenzie f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Mackenzie.

Mickie f & m English (Rare)
Diminutive of Michelle, Michaela or Michael.

Micolash m English
Anglicised form of Czech Mikoláš, itself a variation on Nicholas. "Victory of the People", from the Greek nike meaning victory and laos meaning people.

Micole f English (American, Rare), African American (Rare)
Possibly an Anglicized form of Italian Micol, or perhaps an invented name based on Nicole.

Micquette f American (Rare)

Mida f English (American, Archaic)
Perhaps a feminine form of Midas.

Middleton m English (American, Rare, Archaic)
Transferred use of the surname Middleton.

Middy f English (Rare)

Midgie f English
Diminutive of Margaret.

Midna f American (Hispanic, Rare)

Mieka f English (Modern, Rare)

Miel f French (Rare), Spanish (Rare), Dutch (Modern), English (Modern)
From miel meaning "honey" in French and Spanish.

Miella f English
Elaboration of Miel.

Mielle f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Miel 2.

Miesha f African American
Variant of Maisha.

Mifflin m English
Transferred use of the surname Mifflin.

Miggy m English (American)
English diminutive of the Spanish name Miguel.

Mignonette f English (Rare), Literature, Popular Culture
Diminutive of Mignon, as -ette is a French feminine diminutive suffix. As such, this given name literally means "little darling" in French.... [more]

Mihaley f American, English
Probably a variant of Mahaley. This is the name of Tiny Miss Missouri 2007.... [more]

Mihkael m American (Rare)
Rare variant of Michael.

Mika f & m American
Variant of Micah.

Mikah m English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Micah.

Mikai m & f English (American, Modern, Rare)
This name is probably a short form of Micaiah, but then via its variant spelling Mikaiah.

Mikaiah m & f American (Rare)
Variant of Micaiah.

Mikaila f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Mikala f English
Variant of Michaela.

Mikalah f English (Modern)
Variant of Michaela.

Mikale m Hawaiian, American (Modern, Rare)
Hawaiian form of Michael.

Mikalia f American (Modern, Rare)
Elaborated variant of Michaela.

Mikalyn f English (Modern, Rare)
A combination of the name Mika and the surfix lynn (see Lynn.)

Mikaya f English (Rare)

Mikaylah f English (Modern)
Variant of Michaela.

Mikaylee f American (Modern)
Variant of Makaylee.

Mikaylin f American (Modern, Rare)

Mikeal m English (American)
Variant of Michael.

Mikeila f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Form of Mikaela.

Mikelino m American (Rare)
Variant of Michelino.

Mikenna f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of McKenna.

Mikenzie f & m English (American, Rare)
Variant of Mackenzie.

Mikhaela f English
Variant of Michaela.

Mikhayla f American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Mikia f African American (Modern, Rare)
Invented name, possibly inspired by Mikki and Nikia. In the pronunciation /mɪ.'kaɪ.ə/, it may also be seen as a variant of Micaiah.

Mikie f & m English
Diminutive or feminine form of Michael.

Mikira f English (American, ?)

Mikiyah f African American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Micaiah.

Mikka f English (American, Modern, Rare), Filipino (Rare)

Mikkaela f American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Mikkaila f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Mikkayla f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Mikyla f American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Miladie f English (American, Rare), French (African, Rare), Spanish (Latin American, Rare)
Variant of Milady.

Milady f Spanish (Latin American), Portuguese (Brazilian, Rare), English (American, Rare)
From the word, now used in historical or humorous contexts, referring to an English noblewoman or gentlewoman, the form of address to such a person or a lady. It came partly from a colloquial pronunciation of my Lady and partly from French milady (from my Lady).

Milaina f English (Rare)
Perhaps an English corruption of Milena, the spelling influenced by Melaina.

Milania f Croatian (Rare), English
Croatian variant spelling of Milanija.... [more]

Milanni f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Milani or Milania.

Milara f American (Rare, Archaic)

Milayna f English
Variant of Melaina.

Milborough f English (Rare, Archaic), Romani (Archaic), History (Ecclesiastical)
Variant of Milburga.

Milbrey f American (South)
Vernacular form of Milburga (via Milborough).

Milbry f American (South)
Variant of Milbrey.

Mildie f English
Diminutive of Mildred.

Milea f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Miley or Milia.

Mileah f English
Alternate spelling of Millie or Miley.

Mileena f English (American), Popular Culture
The name can be interpreted as a variant of Milena.... [more]

Mileigh f American
Variant of Miley.

Mileo m American (Hispanic, Modern, Rare)
Combination of Miguel and Leo.

Milez m English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Miles

Milfred m English (American, Rare)

Milhous m English (American)
Transferred use of the surname Milhous.

Milhouse m English, Popular Culture
Transferred use of the surname Milhouse.

Milicent f English
Variant of Millicent.

Milissa f English (Modern)
Variant of Melissa.

Mill f & m English
Short form of Millicent or Millard or a transferred use of the surname Mill.

Millenna f English (Modern, Rare)
Based on the word millennium meaning "period of one thousand years" (ultimately from Latin mille "thousand" and annus "year"), probably influenced by Milena... [more]

Millennium f & m English
From the word referring to a period of time spanning a thousand years, from a Latin combination of mīlle meaning "thousand" and annus meaning "year" (with a>e vowel change and addition of abstract noun suffix -ium).

Millesaint f English (Archaic)
Archaic variant of Millicent.

Millette f English (American)
Probably transferred from the surname Millette.

Milli f English (Rare)
Variant spelling of Millie.

Millianet f American (Hispanic, Rare)
The meaning of my name is a mix of my mom, and my grandmas name. History, unknown.

Millinea f American (South, Rare)
Possibly an elaboration of Millie, used almost exclusively in Alabama.

Million m African American (Modern, Rare), Ethiopian
From the English word million.

Mills m & f English
Transferred use of the surname Mills. May also be a diminutive of Miller.

Millvina f English (Rare)
Possibly a variant of Melvina. This name was most famously used by Millvina Dean (1912-2009) the last survivor of the Titanic before she died in 2009... [more]

Millye f English
A variant spelling of Millie.

Milner m English
Derived from the surname Milner.

Milt m English
Diminutive or short form of Milton

Miltreda f American (Rare)

Miltresa f American (Modern, Rare)

Milusha f Russian, English (Rare)
Russian diminutive of any Slavic feminine name that contains the element milu meaning "gracious" or "dear", such as Lyudmila. Also compare Milushka and Milusya.

Milward m English (Rare, Archaic)
Derived from the surname Milward. Variant of Millard.

Milyn f English (Modern, Rare)
Feminine variant of Milan.

Milynn f English (Modern, Rare)

Mim f English (Rare)
Diminutive of Miriam.

Mima f English (Rare), Judeo-Italian (Rare), Judeo-Spanish (Archaic)
Short form of Jemima.

Mimmie f English
Variant spelling of Mimmy.

Mimmy f English
Variant of Mimi or Mimmi.

Mimsy f English (Rare)
Diminutive of Margaret, Miriam and Maria.

Min f English
Diminutive of Minnie.

Minabel f American

Minabelle f Filipino (Rare), English (American, Rare), French (Belgian, Rare)
Possibly a variant of Mirabelle.

Minalie f English (Rare), French (Rare)
A combination of Mina 1 and Ally 1 or Natalie.

Mincy f English (American, Rare, Archaic)

Minda f English, Afro-American (Slavery-era)
Diminutive of Melinda.

Mindi f English
Variant of Mindy.

Minella f English
Diminutive of Mina

Miner m English (American, Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Miner.

Minervia f American
Variant of Minerva.

Minetta f English (Rare)
Latinate form of Minette. This is also the name of an underground stream in New York City, which is claimed to derive from Manette meaning "devil's water" in a Native American language; a street and a lane in Greenwich Village are named for the buried Minetta Brook, which flows beneath them.

Minette f French (Belgian, Rare), French (African), English (Rare), Swedish (Rare), Danish (Rare), Dutch (Rare), Afrikaans, Filipino
Diminutive of Mina 1 and names containing mine, such as Hermine or Guillaumine... [more]

Minevra f English (Rare)

Mingus m English, Dutch (Rare), Danish (Modern), Swedish (Modern, Rare)

Minica f English (American, Rare), Obscure
Possibly a variant of Monica.

Minie f English (American, Archaic)
Variant of Minnie.

Minkie f English

Minne f English (American, Archaic)
Variant of Minnie.

Minnehaha f Indigenous American, Iroquois, Literature, English (American, Archaic)
Meaning uncertain. According to one source, this name means "laughing woman" in Iroquois, derived from Iroquois minne meaning "woman" combined with Iroquois haha meaning "laugh" or "laughing".... [more]

Minnesota f American (Rare)
From the name of the state in the United States of America, which came from the name of the river "Minnesota River". Thus, the river got its name from the Sioux Indian word "Minisota." That word comes from the words minni, meaning "water", and sotah meaning "sky-tinted" or "cloudy." Therefore, Minnesota means "sky-tinted water" or "cloudy water".

Minnet f English (Rare)
Probably a rare variant of Minette.

Minnette f English (Rare)
Variant of Minette.

Minnewa f English

Minnielee f English

Minnijean f American (South, Rare), African American (Rare)
Combination of Minnie and Jean 2. This is borne by Minnijean Brown-Trickey (1941-), who was one of the Little Rock Nine, a group of nine African-American teenagers who integrated Little Rock Central High School in 1957 after the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional three years earlier... [more]

Minor m & f English (American, Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Minor.

Mint f English (Rare), Dutch
Diminutive of Minthe or Minta, or else directly from the English word for the plant (ultimately from Latin menta).

Mintie f English (Rare)
Variant of Minty.

Minuet f American (Rare, Archaic)
From the English word "minuet" referring to a type of "dance" or "a movement which is part of a longer musical composition such as a suite, sonata, or symphony, inspired by or conforming to the dance of the same name"... [more]

Minus m English (Rare), East Frisian (Rare, Archaic)
This name was given to at least five baby boys in the USA in 1915.... [more]

Minx f English (American)
Borne by voice actress Minx Lee.

Minxy f English, Popular Culture
Variant of Minxie.

Minya f English (Rare)
Anglicized form of Minja.

Minyon f African American (Rare)
Variant of Mignon.

Mioma f English (American, Archaic)
Variant of Naoma.

Mione f English (American)
Short version of Greek Hermione

Miqal m African American
African American variant of Michael

Miquisha f African American (Rare)
Combination of prefix mi with Quisha.

Mira f English (Archaic)
Variant of Myra.

Mirabel f French (African), English (Rare), Dutch (Rare), Medieval Italian, Judeo-Anglo-Norman
Derived from Old French mirable "wonderful; admirable", ultimately from Latin mirabilis "wonderful, marvellous, astonishing, extraordinary, remarkable, amazing" (compare Mirabelle).

Mirabell f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Mirabelle and Mirabel.

Miraculous m & f American (Modern, Rare)
From the English word.

Mirah f English
Variant of Mira.

Miralina f English
Variant of Marilena.

Miraminta f American (Rare)

Miranelle f English

Mirannda f American (Rare)
Variant of Miranda.

Mirenda f English (Rare)
Variant of Miranda.

Mirey f English (American, Archaic)
Vernacular form of Mira.

Miriah f & m English
Variant of Miria.

Miriann f Portuguese (Brazilian, Rare), Spanish (Latin American, Rare), American (Hispanic, Rare)

Mirianna f English (Modern, Rare), Italian (Rare), Spanish (Latin American, Rare)
Variant of Miriana.

Mirisa f English (American, Rare)
Variant of Marisa.

Mirissa f English (American, Rare)
Variant of Marissa and Mirisa.

Mirl m & f English (American, Rare)
Variant of Merle.

Mirlin m English (American, Rare), English (Canadian, Rare), Spanish (Latin American, Rare)

Mirranda f English (Rare)
Variant of Miranda.

Mirriam f English
Variant of Miriam.

Mirtie f English
Diminutive of Myrtle.

Mirtle f English (Rare)
Variant of Myrtle.

Mischelle f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michelle.

Mischka m & f Various (Rare), English (American, Rare)
German transcription of Mishka (originally Russian).... [more]

Misgana f Ethiopian, English (American, Modern, Rare)
From Amharic ምስጋና (məsgana) "glory, praise, honour; thanks, gratitude".

Misha f English (Rare), Popular Culture
As an English name, it could be a variant of Mischa, or simply a combination of the phonetic elements mee and sha... [more]

Mishael m Biblical, Hebrew, English
From Hebrew מִישאֵל (Misha'el) meaning "who is what God is?" or "who asked?", both rhetorical questions about Yahweh. This is the name of three characters in the Bible.

Mishael f English (Rare)
Variant of Michelle.

Mishaila f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Possibly a combination of Michelle and Shaila.

Mishella f American (Modern, Rare), Spanish (Rare)
Variant of Michella.

Mishelle f English (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michelle.

Mishka f English (Modern, Rare)
As an English name, it could possibly be a variant of Mischka or Mischa.... [more]

Mishy f American
Form of Michelle, often used by Ashkenazi Jewish women.

Mison m American (Rare, Archaic)
Possibly a transferred use of the surname Mison.

Missa f English
Diminutive of Melissa.

Missi f English
It is an uncommon variant of Missy, a nickname for Melissa.

Missia f English (American, Rare), Portuguese (Brazilian, Rare)
Elaboration of Missy.

Mississippi f English
French word derived from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi meaning "great river."

Missouri f & m English (American)
From the name of the American state, or from the name of the Missouri River, the longest river in the United States (see Missouri).

Missouria f English (American, Rare, Archaic)
Either a strictly feminine variant of Missouri or taken from the name of the tribe.

Mistie f English (American)
Variant of Misty. A known bearer of this name is the American basketball player Mistie Bass (1983-).

Mistina f English (American, Rare)
Blend of Misty and Christina.

Mistye f English
Variant spelling of Misty.

Mit m English (American)
Mit is derived from the names Mitchell, Matthew, or Michael, mostly as a shorter form or nickname... [more]

Mitchel m English
Variant of Mitchell.

Mitcheline f English
Feminization of Mitchell

Mitchelle f & m English (American), Indian
Feminine form and masculine variant of Mitchell.

Mitchi m & f English (Modern)
Variant of Mitchie.

Mitchie m & f English
Nickname for Mitchell or Michelle, though in recent years, it is most commonly used as a girl's name

Mitchy m English
Diminutive of Mitchell.

Mitrice f English

Mitricia f American (Modern, Rare)

Mitsy f English
Variant of Mitzi.

Mitt m English
Diminutive of Milton. Middle and common name of U.S. politician Willard Mitt Romney.

Mitta f English

Mittie f English (American, Rare, Archaic)
Diminutive of Martha (compare Matty) and various other names beginning with M or containing this sound, including Margaret, Matilda, Mehitabel, Myrtle, Araminta and Submit... [more]

Mitty f English (Puritan), English
Diminutive of names such as Mehitabel and Submit.

Mittye f English
Diminutive of Martha or Matilda.

Mitzie f English (American, Archaic)
Anglicized form of Mitzi.

Miya f African American (Modern)
Variant of Maya 2.

Miyah f African American (Modern)
Variant of Maya 2.

Mizela f English
Also Mizella. These names have been occasionally used in the 20th century and are an etymological mystery, unless they are phonetic variants of Marcella, Marcelle, Michelle... [more]

Mizpah f English (Rare), Filipino (Rare)
Derived from Hebrew מִצְפָּה (miṣpāh, mitspah) "watchtower". As mentioned in the biblical story of Jacob and Laban, making a pile of stones marked an agreement between two people, with God as their watching witness.

M'Kaila f African American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of M'Kayla.

M'Kayla f African American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Michaela.

Mkenzie f & m English (Rare)
Variant of Mackenzie.

Modena f English (American, Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Modena or taken from the name of the city of Modena, Italy.

Modenia f American (South, Archaic)

Modilla f American (South, Archaic)

Moe f English
Short form of Maureen or Moriah

Moeisha f African American (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Moesha.

Moesha f Popular Culture, African American (Modern), Jamaican Patois, Antillean Creole, South African
Invented name. It was used for the title character of the American television show Moesha (1996-2001), played by singer Brandy.

Mohawk m American

Moia f English
Spelling variation of the names Maia 1, Moya, and Māia.

Molina f American (Archaic), Popular Culture