Browse Submitted Names

This is a list of submitted names in which the order is random.
Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed.
Mateyas m Amharic
Amharic form of Matthias.
Lafayette m English (American, Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Lafayette. In the US, it was first used in the late 1700s as a masculine given name in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette, a hero of the American War of Independence (who also left his name in a city of west-central Indiana on the Wabash River northwest of Indianapolis).
Theodemund m Germanic, History
Variant spelling of Theudemund. Theodemund was a Suebi king of Galicia between 469-550 AD.
Frédéri m Norman
Norman form of Frederick.
Corniels m Dutch
Derived from Cornelius or a blend of the name Cor with Niels 2, this name is quite, quite rare in The Netherlands and had only 5 bearers in the 2006 statistics for Dutch names.
Rexx m American (Rare)
Variant of Rex.
Sharkesha f African American (Rare)
Possibly a blend of Shar or Char (from names such as Charles) and the name Chekesha.
Klet m Polish
Short form of Anaklet.
Jǫrundr m Old Norse
Variant transliteration of the Old Norse name ᛁᚢᚱᚢᚾᛏᚱ (see Iǫrundr).
Rådny f Swedish (Rare)
Modern form of Ráðný.
Harshita f Indian, Hindi, Bengali
Feminine form of Harshit.
Quintinian m Late Roman (Anglicized), English (Archaic)
Anglicized form of Quintinianus. This name was borne by a 3rd-century Roman consul or prefect of Sicily, who had the breasts of saint Agatha of Sicily amputated after she refused his romantic advances and held firm to her faith in Jesus Christ.
Auhust m Belarusian
Belarusian form of August.
Suvfe f Greenlandic
Greenlandic form of Sophie.
Cankut m Turkish (Rare)
Persian and turkish origin , the name cankut means the persons luckiness, happiness.
Cniva m Gothic
Cniva (fl. mid-3rd century AD) was a Gothic king who invaded the Roman Empire. He successfully captured the city of Philippopolis (Plovdiv in Bulgaria) in 250 and killed Emperor Decius and his son Herennius Etruscus at the Battle of Abritus as he was attempting to leave the Empire in 251... [more]
Mazār m Balochi
Means "tiger" in Balochi.
Kathana m Sanskrit
Derived from Sanskrit कथन (kathana) meaning "telling; narration; statement".
Glonokor m Georgian (Archaic), History (Ecclesiastical)
Meaning unknown. This was the name of a 5th-century archbishop of the Georgian city of Mtskheta.
Dodo f English
Variant of Dodie, a diminutive of Dorothy. It is also sometimes used as a diminutive of Dolores and other names beginning with Do.
Xusta f Galician
Galician form of Justa.
Hailong m Chinese
From Chinese 海 (hǎi) meaning "sea, ocean" combined with 龙 (lóng) meaning "dragon". This name can also be formed from other character combinations.
Sibbe m West Frisian
Variant of Sibe.
Rafita m Spanish
Spanish diminutive of Rafael, via its short form Rafa.
Aríana f Icelandic (Modern)
Icelandic form of Ariana.
Djabrail m Chechen
Variant transcription of Dzhabrail.
Darlynne f English
Variant of Darlyn.
Kwietusia f Polish
Diminutive of Kwietosława.
Kalolaina f Hawaiian, Fijian
Hawaiian and Fijian adoption of Carolina.
Chenebelle m Anglo-Norman (Rare)
Norman English form of Cunobelinus or Cynbel.
Genserica f Italian
Feminine form of Genserico.
Lásse m Sami
Sami form of Lasse.
Ridima f Nepali
It means god and prosperity.The name Ridima is mostly used in Nepal or India.
Cadog m Welsh
Variant of Cadoc.
Mìnica f Sicilian
Short form of Dumìnica.
Zenna f Hungarian
Variant of Zena.
Etsuro m Japanese
Variant transcription of Etsurou.
Andreina f Romansh
Variant of Andrina.
Evângelo m Portuguese (Brazilian, Rare)
Brazilian Portuguese form of Evangelos.
Valju m Estonian
Variant of Valjo.
Alfiu m Sicilian
Sicilian form of Alfio.
Crispinian m English
English form of Crispinianus. This name was borne by a Roman saint from the 3rd century AD.
Bereniç f Catalan
Catalan form of Berenice.
Phấn m & f Vietnamese
From Sino-Vietnamese 奮 (phấn) meaning "strive, exert".
Janchryzostom m Polish, History (Ecclesiastical)
Combination of Jan 1 and Chryzostom, referring to Saint John Chrysostom.
Nala f Sotho
“Prosperity” , a Sesotho name used in the motto of Lesotho
Rohan m & f Jamaican Patois, English (Modern)
Jamaican Patois form and English variant of Rowan.
Tatanu m Sardinian
Sardinian variant of Sebastian.
Gracjô f Kashubian
Kashubian form of Gratia.
Hermipo m Spanish
Spanish form of Hermippos.
Henriks m Latvian
Latvian form of Henrik.
Khushdil m Urdu
From Persian "خوشدل", meaning "contented, good-hearted, happy"
Deto f Provençal
Short form of Bernadeto and Oudeto.
Armiche m Spanish (Canarian, Rare)
From Guanche *arəmis meaning "prey, trophy, loot", literally "arrest, seizure". This was the name of the last aboriginal king of the island of Hierro (present-day Canary Islands, Spain), who was ousted, captured and enslaved by the French conquistador Jean de Béthencourt in 1405... [more]
Tuguslar m Mongolian (Archaic)
Possibly related to Mongolian тоглох (toglokh) meaning "to play".
Miraal f Arabic, Urdu
Alternate transcription of Arabic ميرال (see Miral), as well as the Urdu form.
Guihéumeto f Provençal
Provençal form of Guillaumette.
Sosiphron m Ancient Greek
Derived from the Greek adjective σῶς (sos) meaning "safe, whole, unwounded" (see Sosigenes) combined with either the Greek noun φρόνις (phronis) meaning "prudence, wisdom" or the Greek verb φρονέω (phroneo) meaning "to think" as well as "to be minded"... [more]
Domina f Romansh
Variant of Dumina.
Flordibel f Arthurian Cycle
Heroine of Der Pleier’s Tandareis and Flordibel. The daughter of the King of India, she was sent to Arthur’s court as a child to serve Guenevere.
Soeryadi m Indonesian
Older spelling of Suryadi influenced by Dutch orthography.
Serey m & f Khmer
Means "freedom," "beauty, charm," "peace," or "power, authority" in Khmer.
Zhanel f Kazakh
From Kazakh жан (zhan) meaning "soul" and ел (el) meaning "people, country".
Mihrimah f Persian, Persian Mythology, Ottoman Turkish, Turkish, Urdu
Means "sun and moon" in Farsi from the word مهر (mehr) meaning "sun" and ماه (mah) meaning "moon".... [more]
Nadeesha f Sinhalese, Sanskrit
Name of Sanskrit origin, meaning Lord or God of the rivers. It originates from the Sanskrit word for ocean, "nadīśa" नदीश.
Aajaajaq f Greenlandic
Greenlandic younger form of Âjâjaĸ.
Marcélite f Louisiana Creole
Likely a diminutive of Marcelle and/or a Creole variant of Marcellette.
Lauwert m Low German
Combination of lauwe meaning "lion" and ward meaning "guard or defender".
Qinghai f & m Chinese
From the Chinese 晴 (qíng) meaning "fine weather" and 海 (hǎi) meaning "sea, ocean".
Anuš m Mandaean
Possibly a Mandaic form of Enos, this is the name of an angel in Mandaeism who performs miracles.
Juvencijus m Lithuanian
Lithuanian form of Iuventius (see Juventius).
Dadzboga f Medieval Polish
Feminine form of Dadzbog.
Gülnuş f Ottoman Turkish
From Persian گل (gol) meaning "flower, rose" and نوش (nūsh) meaning "ambrosia, nectar".
Trandafir m Romanian (Rare)
Derived from Romanian trandafir "rose".
Wæther m Old Danish
Old Danish form of Veðr.
Seung-Min m & f Korean
From Sino-Korean 承 (seung) meaning "inherit" or 昇 (seung) meaning "rise, ascend" combined with 民 (min) meaning "people, citizens", 敏 (min) meaning "quick, clever, sharp" or 旼 (min) meaning "gentle, affable"... [more]
Siyovush m Tajik
Tajik form of Siavash
Zelka f Kashubian
Diminutive of Gizela via Gizelka.
Maisha f Swahili (Modern)
Means "life" in Swahili.
Obran m Mordvin
Mordvin form of Abraham.
Eumon m Ancient Greek
Eumon was one of the 50 sons of King Lycaon in Greek myth.
Juzaf m Belarusian
Belarusian form of Józef, reflecting the Polish pronunciation. It is rarely used in Belarusian, although it is sometimes used as a variant of Jazep.
Zaquiel m Spanish
A form of Zachaël (Zachael).
Fadela f Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Arabic فضيلة (see Fadila) chiefly used in North Africa.
Necitas f Spanish (Philippines)
Feminine variant of Nicetas.
Şehit m Turkish
Turkish form of Shahid.
Nomathamsanqa f Xhosa
Feminine form of Thamsanqa.
Faura f Arabic (Maghrebi)
Meaning unknown at this point in time.
Sanmoy m Indian
INDIA
Akaradet m Thai
Alternate transcription of Thai อัครเดช (see Akkharadet).
Dæging m Anglo-Saxon
Derived from the Old English elements dæg "day" and the name suffix -ing.
Framhild f Germanic
Derived from Old Norse framr "forwards" or frami "fame" combined with Old Norse hildr "battle."
Navendra m Indian
Means "new lord" from Sanskrit नव (nava) meaning "new, fresh" combined with the name of the Hindu god Indra, used here to mean "lord".
Ceanndubhán m Old Irish
Means "black-headed, dark-haired", from Old Irish cenn "head" and dub "black" combined with a diminutive suffix.
Adilchimeg f Mongolian (Rare)
From Mongolian адил (adil) meaning "like, akin, similar" and чимэг (chimeg) meaning "ornament, decoration".
Aukusitina f Samoan
Samoan variant of the Latin name, Augustina, the feminine version of the Latin name, Augustine.
Morissette f English (American, Modern, Rare), Filipino (Modern, Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Morissette. Also, it is the stage name of Johanne Morissette Daug Amon, a Filipina singer, rapper, dancer, and musician and a former contestant on TV5's Star Factor and The Voice of the Philippines... [more]
Nedly m English (American, Rare), Dutch (Rare)
Variant of Nedley. A notable bearer of this name is the Dutch jazz musician and composer Nedly Elstak (1931-1989).
Eelisi f Greenlandic
Greenlandic younger form of Êlise.
Ləyla f Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani form of Layla.
Mandara f Indian, Kannada
Means "large" or "firm".
Onesikritos m Ancient Greek
Derived from Greek ὄνησις (onesis) meaning "use, profit, advantage, good luck" and κριτός (kritos) meaning "picked out, chosen" or "choice, excellent".
Uiko f Literature
Uiko is a character in The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, a novel by the Japanese author Yukio Mishima.
Scriboniano m Italian
Italian form of Scribonianus.
Øygæirr m Old Norse
Derived from the Germanic name elements ey "island" and geirr "spear".
Isshin m Japanese
From 一 (is) meaning "one" and 心 (shin) meaning "mind, soul, heart". Other kanji combinations can be used.
Xiange f Chinese
From the Chinese 仙 (xiān) meaning "transcendent, immortal" or 纤 (xiān) meaning "fine, delicate, graceful" and 鸽 (gē) meaning "dove, pigeon" or 歌 (gē) meaning "song, lyrics, sing"... [more]
Ölziit m & f Mongolian
Means "lucky, auspicious, blessed" in Mongolian.
Fukui m Japanese
From Japanese 憤 (fukui) meaning "indignation, resentment" or 糞 (fukui) meaning "manure, dung, night soil". Other kanji or kanji combinations can also form this name.
Meki m Georgian (Rare)
Short form of Melkisedek, which is now used as an independent name.
Belmina f Bosnian
Feminine form of Belmin.
Andrews m English
Transferred use of the surname Andrews.
Lioni f & m Hawaiian
Derived from "Liona".
Kipkirui m Kalenjin
Means "one who was born while people slept" in Kelenjin.
Eberrad m Germanic
Derived from Old High German ebur "wild boar" combined with Old High German rât "counsel."
Ishtiak m Bengali
Bengali variant of Ishtiaq.
Anchao m Chinese
From the Chinese 岸 (àn) meaning "beach, shore" and 潮 (cháo) meaning "tide".
Mássâránguaĸ m Greenlandic
Greenlandic name meaning "sweet little healed one", combined with Mavsâraĸ and -nnguaq "sweet, dear".
Harpalyce f Greek Mythology (Latinized)
Latinized form of Harpalyke. This is the name of several minor characters in Greek mythology, including a daughter of Harpalykos and a daughter of Clymenus.
Soos m Spanish
Diminutive of Jesús. A bearer of this name is Soos Ramirez in the TV show Gravity Falls.
Mahrang f Balochi
Derived from māh meaning "moon" and rang meaning "colour".
Merchant m English (Rare)
Transferred use of the surname.
Felice f English (Rare), German (Rare), Dutch (Rare), Swedish (Rare), Medieval English, Medieval Italian
Variant of Felicia. A notable bearer is Felice Bauer (1887-1960), fiancée of author Franz Kafka. His letters to her were published in the book Letters to Felice.
Kamarulzaman m Malay
Malay variant of Qamar al-Zaman.
Kyizom f Tibetan
From Tibetan སྐྱིད་འཛོམས (skyid-dzoms) meaning "plentiful happiness", derived from སྐྱིད (skyid) meaning "happiness, delight" and འཛོམས (dzoms) meaning "abundant, plentiful".
Yuukichi m Japanese
From Japanese 勇 (yuu) meaning "brave" combined with 吉 (kichi) meaning "good luck". Other kanji combinations are possible. ... [more]
Azita f Persian
Derived from Persian آزاد (âzâd) meaning "free, independent".
Hohtȧhéaénohe m Cheyenne
Means "Spotted Hawk" in Cheyenne.
Hrothwaru f Anglo-Saxon
Derived from the Old English elements hroð "fame, glory" and waru "shelter, protection, care".
Spasimir m Bulgarian, Croatian
The first element of this name is derived from Bulgarian spasjá or spasjávam "to save, to rescue". Also compare Serbo-Croatian spasiti and Russian spasát', both of which mean "to save, to rescue"... [more]
Xuất m Vietnamese
From Sino-Vietnamese 出 (xuất) meaning "to appear, to send out, to put forth".
Darispan m Georgian (Rare), Literature
Means "door of Isfahan", derived from the Persian noun در (dar) meaning "door, gate" combined with Spahān, which is the Middle Persian name for the modern city of اصفهان (Isfahan) in Iran.... [more]
Kaiyō m Japanese (Modern, Rare)
This name combines 海 (kai, umi) meaning "ocean, sea" with 陽 (you, hi) meaning "daytime, heaven, male, positive, sunshine, yang principle" or 洋 (you) meaning "ocean, western style."... [more]
Madoa f Swahili
This name means ''freckle''.
Vatsy m & f Malagasy
Means "provisions for a voyage" in Malagasy.
Saturia f Spanish (Rare)
Feminine form of Saturio.
Âĸa f Greenlandic
Short form of Aleĸa.
Alnuar m Medieval English
Medieval name of uncertain origin.
Rezuan m Malay, Bengali, Kabardian
Malay, Bengali and Kabardian form of Ridwan.
Taanialik m Greenlandic
Greenlandic younger form of Tânialik.
Dody f English (American)
Diminutive of Dolores. Could also probably be a variant of Dodie.
Safeya f Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic صفية (see Safiyya).
Ganapatihridaya f Mythology
A Buddhist epithet of Vinayaki meaning "heart of Ganesha".
Ludomir m Polish
The first element of this name is derived from Polish lud "people", which is ultimately derived from Slavic lyud and Proto-Slavic ljudъ "people". The second element is derived from Slavic mir "peace"... [more]
Saleebaan m Somali
Somali form of Sulayman.
Molotecatl m Nahuatl
Means "person from Molotlan" in Nahuatl.
Marelie f Afrikaans
Variant of Mareli.
Ahya f Arabic
Ayah is a name referencing a verse in the Quran. An Ayah makes up chapters in the Surah.... [more]
Themistios m Late Greek, Ancient Greek
Means "patron of right, one who presides over justice", ultimately derived from Greek θέμις (themis) meaning "law of nature, divine law, custom".
Jossifa f Bulgarian (Rare)
Feminine form of Yosif.
Zakariah m Malay, Indonesian
Malay and Indonesian form of Zakariyya.
Be-faithful m & f English (Puritan)
Referring to Revelation 2:10, "Fear none of those things which thou shalt suffer: behold, the devil shall cast some of you into prison, that ye may be tried; and ye shall have tribulation ten days: be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life."
Lambart m German
Variation of Lambert.
Ivon f Literature
Sindarin (Common Elvish) form of Yavanna.
Yimeng f Chinese
Derived from the Chinese 怡 (yí) meaning "happy, joyful" or "harmony, pleasure, be glad", 伊 (yī) meaning "he, she, this, that" or 祎 (yī) meaning "excellent" and 萌 (méng) meaning "bud, sprout", 盟 (méng) meaning "oath, covenant, alliance", 梦 (mèng) meaning "dream" or 朦 (méng) meaning "condition or appearance of the moon".
Tanzala f African American (Modern, Rare)
Likely an invented name.
Jahja m Indonesian, Albanian, Bosnian
Indonesian, Albanian, and Bosnian form of Yahya.
Sighrid f Old Swedish
Old Swedish variant of Sigrid.
Lamoni m Mormon
Lamonite king converted by Ammon.
Anjulee f Indian (Rare)
Variant transcription of Anjali.
Pırıs f Khakas
Means "cat" in Khakas.
Soidade f Galician (Rare)
Galician cognate of Soledad.
Isreal m American
Variant of Israel.
Eisirt m Irish Mythology
Servant of king Iubdan and one of the Otherworld's most significant bards.
Yanren f Chinese
From the Chinese 燕 (yàn) meaning "swallow (bird)" and 仁 (rén) meaning "humaneness, benevolence, kindness".
Iliad f & m English (Rare)
Derived from the Iliad, an ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer.
Krisada m Thai
Alternate transcription of Kritsada.
Enam m Bengali
Bengali form of Inam.
Aerten f Celtic
Derived from agro-, "carnage", and tan-nu, "to broaden" or "to spread", or ten-n-do-, "to break" or "to cut".
Kahōkū f & m Hawaiian (Rare)
Means "the star," from definite article ka and hōkū meaning "star."
Alamzeb m Pashto
Derived from Arabic عالم (ʿālam) meaning "world, universe" combined with Persian زیب (zib) meaning "embellishment, ornament, beauty".
Hoani m Maori
Maori form of John.
Sisomphone m & f Lao
From Lao ສີສົມ (sisom) meaning "orange (the colour)" and ພອນ (phone) meaning "blessing".
Climence f Medieval French
Medieval French variant of Clémence.
Alzire f Theatre, Literature
Used by Voltaire for the heroine of his tragic play 'Alzire, ou les Américains' (1736), about a young indigenous Peruvian woman, daughter of a powerful chief. The heroine is named Alzira in Verdi's opera based on the play... [more]
Fredeward m Germanic, Medieval German, Old High German
Derives from Old High German fridu and Old Saxon frithu meaning "peace" plus Old High German wart meaning "guard, ward".
Chojirou m Japanese
Variant transcription of Choujirou.
Mohipora f Uzbek
Derived from moh meaning "moon, month" and pora meaning "piece, fragment".
Fenohery m & f Malagasy
From the Malagasy feno meaning "full, complete" and hery meaning "force, power".
Marsden m English
Transferred use of the surname Marsden.
Morse m English (American, Rare)
Derived from the surname Morse.
Szentes m Hungarian
From szent meaning "holy".
Brynhilda f Medieval Scandinavian, Swedish (Archaic)
Medieval Norwegian and Swedish variant of Brynhildr.
Yabǎlka f Bulgarian
Means "apple" in Buglarian.
Nezabravka f Bulgarian (Rare)
Derived from Bulgarian незабравка "forget-me-not".
Yasutoki m Japanese
From 泰 (yasu) meaning "peaceful, Thailand" combined with 時 (toki) meaning "time". Other kanji combinations can be used.
Matyo m Mordvin
Mordvin form of Matvey.
Nagaru m Japanese (Rare)
From 流 (nagaru, nagare, ryuu) meaning "stream, current, flow".... [more]
Teuira m & f Tahitian
From the Tahitian te meaning "the" and uira meaning "lightning".
Sabiine f Estonian (Rare)
Estonian form of Sabina.
Sawangchit f Thai
From Thai สว่าง (sawang) meaning "bright, brilliant, shining" and จิตต์ (chit) meaning "mind, heart, thought".
Teneriste f Guanche
From Guanche *tennerist, meaning "she rests". This was the name of a woman who was baptized in Seville around 1427.
Menkao f Japanese
From Japanese 面顔 (menkao) meaning "facial expression" or 面 (men), meaning "mask" and 顔 (kao), meaning "face." Other kanji characters can form this name.
Caly f English
Variant of Kaylee or Callie.
Joelie f English
Variant of Joely.
Bayezid m Turkish, Arabic, Persian
Means "father of Yazid".
Pascalet m Provençal
Diminutive of Pascau.
Nobiru m Japanese (Rare)
From 進 (nobiru) meaning "to advance, make progress, enter", 延 (nobiru) meaning "extend, prolong, lengthen, postpone", or 伸 (nobiru) meaning "lengthen". Other kanji or kanji combinations can be used.
Laman m Mormon
The name of various Book of Mormon characters.
Dukađin m Serbian
Leka III DUKAĐINI (1410–1481), mostly known as Leka DUKAĐINI, was a 15th-century member of the Serbian nobility,DUKAĐINI from the Duka family, A contemporary of Skanderbeg, DUKAĐINI is known for the conon or kanuna Leka DUKAĐINI,a code of law instituted among the tribes of Serbia and Montenegro and northern Albania of serbs Ethnicity only.
Sijuola f Yoruba
Means "wealth opener" or "open the eyes of wealth" in Yoruba.
Homaira f Bengali, Persian
Bengali and Persian form of Humayra.
Märet f Swedish (Rare)
Younger form of Märeta.
Arkona f Uzbek
Derived from arkon meaning "high" but also historically "pillars, support" and in reference to the pillars of Islam.
Tavifa f Ukrainian
Ukrainian form of Tabitha.
Shazmina f Pashto
Means "too much love" in Pashto.
Kiprian m Russian
Russian form of Cyprianus (see Cyprian).
Joakeim m Greek
Variant transcription of Ioakeim.
Nepheg m Biblical
Nepheg was a son of Izhar of the house of Levi according to Exodus 6:21, born in Egypt. He was a nephew of Amram and a cousin of Aaron, Miriam, and Moses.
Valtasar m Russian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian
Bulgarian and variant Russian and Ukrainian forms of Balthazar.
Keali'inohomoku f & m Hawaiian
From the Hawaiian definite article ke, ali'i meaning "chief, ruler, monarch, commander", noho meaning "to reside or reign", and moku, meaning "an island, district, forest, or section".
Alessja f Belarusian
Variant transcription of Alesya.
Gildàs m Provençal
Provençal form of Gildas.
Dalilu-essu m Babylonian
Means "new praise", deriving from the Akkadian elements dalīlu ("praise, thanks") and eššu ("new, modern").
Niyozmoh f Uzbek
Derived from Uzbek niyoz meaning "alms, supplication" and moh meaning "moon".
Ageo m Spanish, Italian, Biblical Spanish, Biblical Italian
Spanish and Italian form of Haggai and variant of Hageo and Aggeo.
Tame m West Frisian
Frisian short form of names that have thanc for a first element, and of which the second element starts with an "m." The name Dankmar is a good example of that.
Menisch m Romansh (Archaic)
Diminutive of Dumeni, traditionally found in the Surselva region.
Onyemelukwe m Igbo
Means "who has done evil and agreed to it?" in Igbo.
Dayán m & f Spanish (Caribbean), Spanish (Latin American)
Perhaps intended to be the masculine form of Dayana or a femenine variant of Diane reflecting the English pronunciation.
Villaviciosa f Spanish (Rare)
From the titles of the Virgin Mary, La Virgen de Villaviciosa and Nuestra Señora de Villaviciosa, meaning "The Virgin of Villaviciosa" and "Our Lady of Villaviciosa" respectively.... [more]