Submitted Names Containing ss

This is a list of submitted names in which a substring is ss.
gender
usage
contains
Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed.
Massimino m Italian
Italian form of Maximin.
Massiminu m Corsican, Sardinian
Corsican and Sardinian form of Maximinus.
Màssimu m Sicilian
Sicilian form of Massimo.
Massimu m Corsican
Corsican form of Maximus.
Massimuccio m Italian (Rare)
Diminutive of Massimo, as -uccio is an Italian masculine diminutive suffix.
Massipa f Judeo-Catalan (Archaic), Medieval Jewish
Transferred use of the (Christian) Catalan surname Massip (also found as Macip), which is derived from Latin mancipium "youngster; servant; learner".
Massiré m French (African)
French form of Massire, a french footballer got this name: Massiré Kanté.
Massiva m & f Kabyle, Berber
Name of the grandson of Numidian king Massinissa, used today as a female name.
Massod m Judeo-Italian (Archaic), Medieval Jewish
possibly of Judeo-Arabic origin
Matessa f Dutch (Rare), English (American, Rare)
Meaning unknown. The name might possibly be a combination of a name starting with Ma- (such as Maria) or Mat- (such as Mathilde) with Tessa or an other name ending in -essa, such as Vanessa... [more]
Mateuss m Latvian (Rare)
Latvian form of Matthew.
Matissa f English (American, Rare)
Strictly feminine variant of the unisex name Matisse. Also compare Matessa.
Matisse m & f French (Rare), Dutch (Rare), English (Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Matisse. The surname was most famously borne by the French artist Henri Matisse (1869-1954), who is likely the reason behind the popularity of Matisse as a given name in the 21st century.... [more]
Matisse m Walloon
Walloon form of Mathis.
Matsipi’kssííaakii f Siksika
Means "beautiful bird woman" in Siksika.
Mattieß m Medieval Low German
Medieval Low German form of Matthew.
Maurissa f English (Rare)
Allegedly a variant of Marissa influenced by Maurice.
Mayblossom f English
Directly taken from the English word mayblossom for the crataegus monogyna, a flower that is also known as maythorn, common hawthorn or quickthorn. This was the name of a princess in Andrew Lang's "Red Fairy Book".
Mayssam f Arabic
Meaning: The pollen in the flower, honey, sweet.
Meissa f Western African, Astronomy
Variant of Maïssa; from Arabic maḥīṣ meaning "shining, glittering". This is also the traditional name of Lambda Orionis, a star in the Orion constellation.
Meissemin m Provençal
Provençal form of Maximin.
Meissèns m Provençal
Provençal form of Maxence.
Mekioussa f Berber (Rare)
Of Kabyle Berber origin with an unknown meaning.
Mélissandre f French (Modern, Rare)
Variant of Mélisande, possibly influenced by Mélissa and Sandra... [more]
Melissanthe f Greek (Rare)
Composed of Greek μελισσα (melissa) "honeybee" and ανθος (anthos) "flower". It is used as a Graecized form of Mélisande (e.g., the 12th-century queen Melisende of Jerusalem is known as Melissanthe in Greek)... [more]
Melisseo m Italian
Italian form of Melisseus.
Melisseu m Portuguese
Portuguese form of Melisseus.
Melisseus m Greek Mythology
Derived from Greek μελισσεύς (melisseus) meaning "bee-keeper, bee-man", which is ultimately derived from Greek μέλισσα (melissa) meaning "honey-bee" (also see Melissa)... [more]
Melissia f English (American)
Elaboration of Melissa. Melissia is a community in Greece, northeast of Athens.
Melissie f English (American)
Variant or diminutive of Melissa.
Melissity f English
Combination of Felicity and Melissa.
Melisso m Italian, Portuguese
Italian and Portuguese form of Melissos via its latinized form Melissus.
Melissos m Ancient Greek
Derived from Greek μέλισσα (melissa) meaning "honey-bee" (see Melissa).
Melissus m Ancient Greek (Latinized)
Latinized form of Melissos. A known bearer of this name was Melissus of Samos, an ancient Greek philosopher from the 5th century BC.
Melussina f Literature
Apparently a variant of Melusine, used by Danish author Lene Kaaberbøl in her fantasy novel Skammerens Datter (2000; English: The Shamer's Daughter).
Melvessa f English (Rare)
Elaborated form of Melva.
Menissa f Saint Lucian (?)
Possibly a variation of Melissa.
Mérisselet m Literature
One of the children in 2006 book 'Ad Haiti si nasce ultimi' by Alessandro Corallo.
Messala m Ancient Roman, Literature
Character from The Hunger Games-Mockingjay
Messalina f Ancient Roman, Italian, Spanish, Catalan
Feminine diminutive of the Roman family name Messalla, which was originally an agnomen derived from the place name Messana, applied to the 3rd-century BC Roman general Manius Valerius Maximus Corvinus to commemorate his victory at the city of Messana in Sicily... [more]
Messene f Greek Mythology
Messene was the daughter of Triopas, king of Argos. She was married to Polycaon.
Messênia f Portuguese (Rare)
Portuguese form of Messene.
Messi m Various (Modern)
Trasferred use of the surname Messi. This name is given after Argentine soccer player Lionel Messi (1987-).
Messíana f Icelandic
Icelandic name of unknown origin and meaning.
Messianus m Late Roman
Extended form of Messius. This name was borne by a magister militum under the Western Roman emperor Avitus (5th century AD) and a priest who co-wrote a book about St... [more]
Messina f English (Modern, Rare)
From the Italian city of Messina.
Messius m Late Roman
Roman nomen gentile that was derived from Messus. Known bearers of this name include Roman Emperor Decius (3rd century AD) and Roman politician Flavius Messius Phoebus Severus (5th century AD)... [more]
Messois m Arthurian Cycle
The name of the Fisher King in Perlesvaus, probably a reference to the biblical Messiah.... [more]
Messua f Hindi
Probably mean “One Who Prays” in Hindi. A notable bearer was the woman who took in Mowgli when he joined the humans in a version of ‘The Jungle Book’.
Messus m Late Roman
Derived from the Latin verb meto "to reap, to harvest, to cut, to sever", or from the latinized form of Greek mesos or messos "(the) middle, (the) middle one". A third possibility is that it is a variant form of Maesus.
Metussin m Malay
Meaning uncertain, primarily used in Brunei.
Mihr-un-Nissa f History
Original Classical Persian form of Meherunnesa. This name was borne by multiple royal women from the Mughal Empire‎: Mihr-un-Nissa or Mehr-un-Nissa (1577-1645), better known by her title Nur Jahan, the chief consort of the Mughal emperor Jahangir; her daughter Mihr-un-Nissa Begum (born c. 1605); as well as the Mughal princess Mihr-un-Nissa Begum (1661-1706), a daughter of Emperor Aurangzeb (who also had other daughters named Zeb-un-Nisa, Zinat-un-Nisa, Badr-un-Nisa and Zubdat-un-Nisa).
Milissa f Sicilian
Sicilian form of Melissa.
Missa f English
Diminutive of Melissa.
Missagh m Persian
Alternate transcription of Persian میثاق (see Misagh).
Missandei f Literature, Popular Culture
Missandei is the name of a freed slave character from the Song of Ice and Fire books by GRR Martin and the TV show Game of Thrones based upon the former. ... [more]
Missatha f Obscure
Perhaps a combination of the honorific term miss and the name Atha. A typhoon in 1950 was named Missatha.
Missente m Sardinian
Nuroese form of Vincent.
Missi f English
It is an uncommon variant of Missy, a nickname for Melissa.
Missionary f & m English (African, Rare)
From English missionary, particularly in the context of Christianity.
Mississippi f English
French word derived from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi meaning "great river."
Missouri f & m English (American)
From the name of the American state, or from the name of the Missouri River, the longest river in the United States (see Missouri).
Missouria f English (American, Rare, Archaic)
Either a strictly feminine variant of Missouri or taken from the name of the tribe.
Mis-stan-stur f Cheyenne
Means "owl woman" in Cheyenne.
Moatassem m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic معتصم (see Mutasim).
Modasser m Bengali
Bengali transcription of Muddathir.
Modesse m Walloon
Walloon form of Modeste.
Molaisse m Medieval Irish
Diminutive of Laisrén, derived from Irish Mo Laisse "my Laise", Laise being a short form of Laisrén. The 7th-century saint Laserian of Leighlin is also called Molaise or Molaisse; he lived as a hermit on Holy Isle in the Firth of Clyde, which is known as Eilean MoLaise in Gaelic.
Montassar m Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Arabic منتصر (see Muntasir) chiefly used in North Africa.
Montasser m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic منتصر (see Muntasir).
Montassir m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic منتصر (see Muntasir).
Montessa f American (Modern, Rare), Filipino
Meaning uncertain, perhaps an invented name blending Mon from Monica with Contessa, or possibly a feminine elaboration of Montez.
Môresse m Walloon
Diminutive of Môre. Influenced by the family named "Moressée".
Morissette f English (American, Modern, Rare), Filipino (Modern, Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Morissette. Also, it is the stage name of Johanne Morissette Daug Amon, a Filipina singer, rapper, dancer, and musician and a former contestant on TV5's Star Factor and The Voice of the Philippines... [more]
Morrissey m & f English (American, Modern, Rare)
Transferred use of the Irish surname Morrissey.
Mossé m Judeo-Catalan, Judeo-Provençal
Catalan and Provençal form of Moses.
Mossie f English (American, Rare, Archaic)
Possibly coined as a feminine form of Moss, although it might also be a short form of Moselle.
Mossy m Irish
Irish diminutive of Maurice.
Motassem m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic معتصم (see Mutasim).
Mouatassim m Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Arabic معتصم (see Mutasim) chiefly used in North Africa.
Mouhssin m Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Arabic محسن (see Muhsin) chiefly used in North Africa.
Mouhssine m Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Arabic محسن (see Muhsin) chiefly used in North Africa.
Moussab m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Musab.
Moutassem m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic معتصم (see Mutasim).
Mӑssa m Chuvash
Chuvash form of Musa.
Mübeşşer f Turkish (Rare)
From Arabic مبشر (mubashshir) meaning "bringing good news".
Mudassar m Urdu
Urdu transcription of Muddathir.
Mulissa f American (Rare, Archaic)
Possibly a variant of Melissa reflecting certain dialects.
Mullissu f Near Eastern Mythology, Ancient Assyrian
Meaning uncertain. Name borne by an obscure goddess who was a consort of the god Ashur. May derive from "Mullitum", which was an epithet for the Sumerian goddess Ninlil.
Mullissu-mukannishat-Ninua f Ancient Assyrian
Etymology uncertain. A possible meaning is "Mullissu is the victor in Nineveh" (Ninua being the Akkadian form of Nineveh), deriving from the Akkadian element mukannišum ("subjugator /subduer / conqueror / victor").
Muntasser m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic منتصر (see Muntasir).
Mussa f Filipino, Tausug
Variant of Mussah.
Mussab m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic مصعب (see Musab).
Mussad m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic مسعد (see Musad).
Mussah f Filipino, Tausug
From Tausug mussa' meaning "pearl".
Mussasa f South American
A famous bearer of this name is Queen Mussasa, who was a 17th century Jaga queen.
Mussaussaĸ f Greenlandic
Meaning unknown.
Mutassem m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic معتصم (see Mutasim).
Mutassim m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic معتصم (see Mutasim).
Myrtoessa f Greek Mythology
Possibly derived from Greek μύρτος (myrtos) meaning "myrtle". In Greek mythology this was the name of a nymph, according to Pausanias.
Nafissatou f Western African
West African form of Nafisa.
Nagdligssaĸ m Greenlandic
Meaning unknown.
Nakissa f Persian
Variant of Nakisa.
Nanesse f Walloon
Walloon form of Agnes.
Nanssi f Swedish
Probably a variant of Nancy.
Nanssy f Swedish (Rare)
Probably a variant spelling of Nancy.
Napasso m Greenlandic
Greenlandic name meaning "the risen one", "the erect one"
Narcisso m Italian
Italian form of Narcissus via Narkissos and variant of Narciso.
Narcissza f Hungarian
Cognate of Narcissa, meaning "daffodil".
Narcisszusz m Hungarian
Masculine form of Nárcisz, meaning "daffodil".
Nargess f Persian
Alternate transcription of Persian نرگس (see Narges).
Narjess f Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Arabic نرجس (see Narjis) chiefly used in North Africa.
Narjiss f Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Arabic نرجس (see Narjis) chiefly used in North Africa.
Narjisse f Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Arabic نرجس (see Narjis) chiefly used in North Africa.
Narziss m German
Modern German spelling of Narziß.
Narziß m German (Archaic), Literature
German form of Narkissos via its latinized form Narcissus. A known bearer of this name was the German doctor and psychologist Narziß Ach (1871-1946).... [more]
Nasaussaĸ f & m Greenlandic
Greenlandic name meaning "hood of a woman's furjacket" or "the bladder on the head of a hooded seal".
Nassaaq m Greenlandic
Greenlandic younger form of Navssâĸ.
Nasseem m & f Persian
Persian form of Nasim.
Nassef m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic ناصف (see Nasif).
Nassera f Arabic (Maghrebi)
Maghrebi variant of Nasira (chiefly Algerian).
Nassif m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic ناصيف (see Nasif).
Nassima f Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Nasima chiefly used in Northern Africa.
Nassir m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic ناصر (see Nasir).
Nassira f Arabic (Maghrebi)
Variant of Nasira (chiefly Algerian and Moroccan).
Nàssiu m Sardinian
Short form of Innàssiu.
Nassool-a m Sidamo
Means "soulmate" in Sidama.
Nassoole f Sidamo
Feminine form of Nassool-a.
Naştaşşi f Chuvash
Chuvash form of Anastasia.
Nastaśsia f Belarusian
Taraškievica Belarusian form of Anastasiya.
Nastassja f German
German transcription of Nastasya. This name is borne by the German American actress Nastassja Kinski (1961-).
Nastassya f Belarusian
Belarusian form of Anastasiya.
Natassa f Greek
Variant of Natasa, and it is also a diminutive of Natalia.
Naussoĸ f Greenlandic
Greenlandic name meaning "flower, plant" or "growing".
Navssâĸ m Greenlandic
Means "find, discovery" in Greenlandic.
Navssãnguaĸ m Greenlandic
Greenlandic name meaning "sweet/dear find/discovery", combined with Navssâĸ and -nnguaq "sweet, dear".
Navssâpaluk m Greenlandic
Greenlandic name meaning "dear little find/discovery". Combination of Navssâĸ and -paluk "dear little".
Navssârssuaĸ m Greenlandic
Greenlandic name meaning "big/great find/discovery". Combination of Navssâĸ and suffix -rsuaq "big, great".
Necessitas f Ancient Roman, Roman Mythology
Ancient roman form of Ananke the goddess of necessity.
Necessitus m Ancient Roman
Masculine form of Necessitas.
Nenesse m Walloon
Diminutive of Nesse.
Ness f & m Hebrew (Rare)
Variant of Nes 1; means "miracle" in Hebrew. Also compare Nisim.
Ness m English (Rare), Popular Culture
Transferred use of the surname Ness or a masculine form of Nessa 1.... [more]
Nessa f Portuguese
Diminutive of Inês.
Nessa f Cornish (Modern)
Derived from Cornish nessa "second; nearest".
Nessan m & f Irish
Variant of Neasán
Nessanië f Literature
A fictional character created by J.R.R. Tolkien. Nessanië was a noble woman of Númenór. Nessanië was the first child and only daughter of Hallatan, Sheep-lord of Hyarastorni... [more]
Nessarose f Literature
Combination of Nessa 1 and Rose. This is the name of the Wicked Witch of the East in Gregory Maguire's "Wicked" and its musical adaptation... [more]
Nesse m Walloon
Short form of Ernesse.
Nessel f & m Hebrew (Modern, Rare)
Combination of the name Ness means "miracle" and El, reference to God.
Nessie f Manx (Archaic)
Of debated origin and meaning. While it was certainly used as a diminutive of Agnes, some scholars consider this name a Manx adaption of Neasa.
Nessie f English, Scottish
Originally a diminutive of Agnes, used independently from at least the 18th century. It is now also used as a diminutive of Vanessa... [more]
Nessim m Arabic, Jewish
Variant of Nasim.
Neššo f Sidamo
Means "small statured" in Sidama.
Nessos m Ancient Greek
Nessos of Chios was a pre-Socratic ancient Greek philosopher.
Nessus m Greek Mythology
Possibly derived from Greek νῆσσα (nessa) meaning "duck (bird)". In Greek mythology, Nessus was a centaur who was killed by Heracles, and whose tainted blood in turn killed Heracles... [more]
Nic'lesse m Jèrriais
Jèrriais form of Nicholas.
Niklass m Latvian (Modern, Rare)
Latvian borrowing of Niklas.
Nikolass m Latvian
Latvian form of Nicholas.
Nilss m Old Swedish
Variant of Nils.
Nissan m Hebrew
The seventh month of the Hebrew calendar and the first month of the ancient Hebrew calendar. The month of Pesach. The name was brought from the Babylonian exile and originates from the Akkadian word "Nisanu", from the Hebrew word for flower bud Nitzan, which blossoms in spring.
Nisse m Frisian
Frisian short form of Dionysius.
Nisse m Swedish, Danish
Swedish and Danish diminutive of Nils.
Nissel f Jewish, Yiddish
Yiddish name. May be a pet form of Nessia, or a female form of Nissan or Nissim.
Nisshoku m Japanese
‘“Nis’ meaning ‘Sun or Moon’, and ‘shoku’ meaning “food” or “eclipse”... [more]
Nissi f & m Hebrew
First used as a biblical term in Exodus. The full word being Jehovah-Nissi, and meaning "victorious" or "banner". Moses named the victory banner as such after defeating the Amalekites.
Nissim m Hebrew
Alternate transcription of Hebrew נסים (see Nisim).
Nissrin f Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Arabic نسرين (see Nisrin) chiefly used in North Africa.
Nissrine f Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Arabic نسرين (see Nisrin) chiefly used in North Africa.
Nossis f Ancient Greek
This was the name of a 3rd-century BC Greek poet.
Noussair m Arabic (Maghrebi)
Maghrebi form of Nusayr. Notable bearers of this name include the Moroccan soccer players Noussair El Maimouni (b. 1991) and Noussair Mazraoui (b. 1997).
Nurassyl m Kazakh
Variant of Nurasyl.
Odesser f American (South, Rare)
Variant of Odessa derived from colloquial pronunciation.
Odisseas m Greek (Rare)
Variant transcription of Οδυσσέας (see Odysseas).
Odisseo m Italian
Italian form of Odysseus.
Odisseu m Catalan, Portuguese
Catalan and Portuguese form of Odysseus.
Odisszeusz m Hungarian
Hungarian form of Odysseus.
Odüsszeusz m Hungarian
Hungarian form of Odysseus.
Odysseas m Greek
Modern Greek form of Odysseus (see also Odyssefs). Known bearers of this name include Odysseas Androutsos (a hero of the Greek War of Independence) and Odysseas Elytis (winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1979).
Odyssefs m Greek
Modern Greek form of Odysseus (see also Odysseas).
Odyssey f English (American, Modern, Rare)
From the English word meaning "an adventurous voyage" and "a spiritual quest", derived from Greek Ὀδύσσεια (Odysseia), literally "of Odysseus"... [more]
Ognissanti m & f Medieval Italian, Italian (Rare)
Means "All Saints’ Day" in Italian, from ogni "every, each" and santi "saints", given as a devotional name to children born on the first day of November.
Oʹhssni f Skolt Sami
Skolt Sami form of Xenia.
Oĸerssuaĸ m Greenlandic
Meaning unknown.
Olessia f Russian (Germanized), Ukrainian (Germanized)
German transliteration of Олеся (see Olesya and Olesia).
Olofsson m American (Rare)
Transferred use of the surname Olofsson.
Oʹlssi m Skolt Sami
Skolt Sami form of Aleksei.
Ortissa f Medieval Basque (Latinized)
Medieval Basque feminine form of Orti, recorded in the 13th century.
Oryssia f Ukrainian (Anglicized, Rare)
Variant transliteration of Орися (see Orysia).
Ossa f Greek Mythology
Another name for Pheme used by Homer.
Ossama m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic أسامة (see Usama).
Ossamah m Arabic
Alternate transcription of Arabic أسامة (see Usama).
Ossawa m English (Modern)
Derived from the town of Osawatomie, Kansas. A famous bearer was the artist Henry Ossawa Tanner.
Osse m Finnish (Rare)
Variant of Ossi.
Ossi m Finnish
Diminutive of Ossian, Osmo and Oskari.
Ossia f Obscure
Feminine form of Ossian. A typhoon in 1950 was named Ossia.
Ossie m Scots
Shetlandic Scots form of Ási. This name used to be Anglicized as Hosea.
Ossilo m Italian (Rare)
Italian form of Oxylus.
Ossinissa m Guanche
Derived from Guanche *ussiniẓẓa, meaning "he who makes fair reasoning". This was the name of a king from the island of El Hierro in the mid-15th century.
Ossipago f Roman Mythology
A god who built strong bones, from ossa, "bones," + pango, pangere, "insert, fix, set."
Ossit m Scots
Reduced form of Oswald.
Ossnait f Irish
Feminine diminutive form of the Irish given name Ossan.
Össur m Icelandic (Rare)
Icelandic form of Assar.
Øssur m Faroese
Faroese form of Assar.
Osszián m Literature
Hungarian form of Ossian.
Otssímmokoyistamik m Siksika
Means "green grass bull" in Siksika.
Ottessa f English (American)
Feminine diminutive form of Otto.
Ouassila f Arabic (Maghrebi)
Variant transcription of وسيلة (see Wasila) chiefly used in Algeria.
Ouesslé m Jèrriais
Jèrriais form of Wesley.
Ouissam m Arabic
Alternate transcription of وسام (see Wisam), chiefly used in Morocco and Algeria.
Oussama m Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Arabic أسامة (see Usama) chiefly used in Northern Africa.
Oussema m Arabic (Maghrebi)
Alternate transcription of Arabic أسامة (see Usama) chiefly used in North Africa.
Ousseynou m Western African
Form of Husayn used in parts of French-influenced western Africa.
Paksskii f Siksika
Means "broad face" in Siksika.
Panissiaq f Greenlandic
Younger form of Panigsiaĸ.
Panyassis m Ancient Greek
Panyassis of Halicarnassus was a Greek epic poet from Halicarnassus in the Persian Empire (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey).
Paramesse m Ancient Egyptian
The birth name of Ramses I.
Pardiss m Persian
persian
Parissa f Persian
Alternate transcription of Persian پریسا (see Parisa).
Parmiss f Persian
Variant transcription of Parmys.
Passarion m History (Ecclesiastical), Late Greek, Russian (Archaic)
Meaning and origin uncertain. It might possibly be derived from the Greek noun πασσάριος (passarios) meaning "cross" or even from Πασσαρών (Passaron), a city in the region of Epirus in ancient Greece.... [more]
Passchier m Medieval Dutch, Medieval Flemish, Dutch (Rare), West Frisian (Rare)
Dutch, Flemish and Frisian form of Pascharius, probably via its French form Pasquier.... [more]
Passion f English (Rare)
First recorded as a given name in the 16th century, the name Passion was originally used by Christian parents in reference to the "Passion of Christ", a term denoting the suffering of Jesus. The word itself is derived from Latin passio "suffering", ultimately from Latin patior "to suffer; to endure" and was originally used to describe any suffering or pain concerning the body... [more]
Passionate f & m English (African, Rare)
Derived from the English word Passionate meaning "Full of passion". It is mostly masculine in Nigeria but mostly feminine in other countries.